Enhanced capacitive performance of activated carbon paper electrode material
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Enhanced capacitive performance of activated carbon paper electrode material Yibing Xie1,a)
Yufang Zhou1
1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
a)
Received: 12 February 2019; accepted: 17 June 2019
The activated carbon paper (ACP) has been designed as the active electrode material of supercapacitor to improve its capacitive performance. ACP is prepared by electrochemical nitrate ion–assisted exfoliation, sulfate ion–assisted exfoliation, and subsequent hydrothermal reduction processes. The as-prepared ACP shows obviously rougher surface along with the expanded layer distance. ACP exhibits higher specific capacitance of 380 mF/cm2 at 1 mA/cm2 than that of 21 mF/cm2 for carbon paper. ACP electrode shows the cycling capacitance retention of 98% after 5000 cycles at 10 mA/cm2. The symmetric ACP supercapacitor is constructed using ACP electrode and H2SO4 involved polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte. ACP supercapacitor presents the specific capacitance of 97 mF/cm2, the energy density of 0.343 mW h/cm3, and the output voltage of 1.6 V at 1 mA/cm2. ACP with high capacitance performance presents the promising supercapacitor application for the electrochemical energy storage.
Introduction Effective energy shortage is one of the key issues in the new energy field. Supercapacitors are considered as new type of electrochemical energy storage device because of quick charge/discharge rate, long cycle life, environmental-friendly, energy saving, and low cost [1, 2, 3]. The electrode material and electrolyte are important factors influencing the performance of the supercapacitor [4, 5, 6]. One key issue is to develop highly effective electrode materials with high energy density [7]. Generally, carbon electrode materials can be applied for double-layer capacitors. The transition metal oxides, polyoxometalates, and conductive polymers electrode materials can be applied for pseudo-capacitors [8, 9, 10]. Carbon materials, such as activated carbon [11], carbon nanofibers [12], carbon nanotubes [13], and graphene [14], are widely used in electrode materials of supercapacitors because they have the unique advantages of good electrochemical stability, large specific surface area, high conductivity, and rich source [15]. However, the electroactive carbon materials mostly keep the powder form. Polymer binders are required to prepare the working carbon electrodes, which limits their electrochemical performance [16]. It is essential to develop binder-free and self-supporting electrode materials to improve their electroactivity and capacitive performance [17, 18].
ª Materials Research Society 2019
Carbon paper with fine mechanical flexibility is manufactured by graphite powders under high pressure. It is a paperlike electrode material with high conductive properties [19]. However, compared with some active carbon materials, such as graphene (100–200 F/g) [20] and single-walled carbon nanotubes (100–200 F/g) [21], normal carbo
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