Enhanced electrochemical performance of Lithium-ion batteries by conformal coating of polymer electrolyte
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NANO EXPRESS
Open Access
Enhanced electrochemical performance of Lithium-ion batteries by conformal coating of polymer electrolyte Nareerat Plylahan1,2, Sébastien Maria3, Trang NT Phan3, Manon Letiche1, Hervé Martinez4, Cécile Courrèges4, Philippe Knauth2 and Thierry Djenizian1,2*
Abstract This work reports the conformal coating of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (P(MePEGMA)) polymer electrolyte on highly organized titania nanotubes (TiO2nts) fabricated by electrochemical anodization of Ti foil. The conformal coating was achieved by electropolymerization using cyclic voltammetry technique. The characterization of the polymer electrolyte by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) shows the formation of short polymer chains, mainly trimers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirm the presence of the polymer and LiTFSI salt. The galvanostatic tests at 1C show that the performance of the half cell against metallic Li foil is improved by 33% when TiO2nts are conformally coated with the polymer electrolyte. Keywords: Titania nanotubes; Polymer electrolyte; Electropolymerization; Lithium-ion batteries
Background The miniaturization of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as a power source to drive small devices has been continuously developed to meet the market requirements of nomadic applications. The challenge of the miniaturization of LIBs is to minimize the size and, at the same time, maximize the energy and power densities of the battery. In this context, 3D Li-ion microbatteries have been developed to overcome this challenge. Particularly, nanoarchitectured electrodes such as selforganized titania nanotubes (TiO2nts) are a potential candidate as a negative electrode in 3D Li-ion microbatteries [1-9]. TiO2nts show a better electrochemical performance compared to the planar TiO2 counterpart [6] due to i) their high active surface area, ii) the direct contact between the active material and the substrate, iii) fast diffusion of charges, and iv) high stability upon cycling owing to spaces between nanotubes, which allow the volume variation caused by Li+ insertion/extraction. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, F-13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France 2 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, MADIREL UMR 7246, F-13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
To achieve the fabrication of the full 3D Li-ion microbatteries, the use of conventional organic liquid electrolytes must be avoided due to the safety concerns and its incompatibility to the integrated circuit technology. Poly (ethylene oxide) or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is the most common polymer electrolyte used in LIBs due to its compatibility to the all-solid-state Li-ion microbatteries [10], promising ionic conductivity [11,12], and thermal stability [13]. However, it is necessary to maintain the 3D nanotubular structure of TiO2nts after the deposition of the polymer electrolyte in
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