Enhanced energy storage properties of La-doped Pb 0.99 Nb 0.02 (Zr 0.85 Sn 0.13 Ti 0.02 ) 0.98 O 3 antiferroelectric cer
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Enhanced energy storage properties of La-doped Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr0.85Sn0.13Ti0.02)0.98O3 antiferroelectric ceramics Hua Qiang1 · Zunping Xu2 Received: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr0.85Sn0.13Ti0.02)0.98O3-x mol% La (PNZST-xLa, x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02) antiferroelectric ceramics with orthorhombic perovskite structure were synthesized by solid-state reaction methods and the effect of La content on the phase stability and energy storage properties of PNZST-xLa was investigated. The introduction of La can enhance the stability of antiferroelectric phase and broaden the dielectric peak. Moreover, La doping leads to an increase of grain boundary resistance. La-doped PNZST ceramics show larger recoverable energy density and higher energy efficiency than un-doped PNZST ceramic due to the increased switching electric field and polarization as the La doping. Meanwhile, the temperature- and electric field-dependent energy storage properties were studied. The energy storage density increases with increasing electric field but declines with increasing temperature.
1 Introduction There is a fast-growing demand in electronics industry for high-efficient energy storage devices. Compared to ferroelectric (FE) materials, antiferroelectric (AFE) materials have double hysteresis loops, large switching fields with a low remanent polarization (Pr), which are beneficial for the enhancement of the energy storage density. Recently, AFE has been given great attention in energy storage [1–6]. A giant energy storage density of 16.4 J/cm3 was obtained in Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr0.55Sn0.40Ti0.05)0.98O3 film [2]. Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr0.85Sn0.13Ti0.02)0.98O3 (PNZST) shows AFE at room temperature, with increasing temperature it transforms to ferroelectric (FE) and then to paraelectric (PE). In order to obtain large energy storage density, high switching field (backward switching field EF−A and forward switching field EA−F) and large maximum polarization (Pmax) of AFE are needed. Moreover, narrow △E (= EA−F − EF−A) ensures high efficiency. According to our previous work [7], pure PNZST ceramics showed a moderate EF−A (49.2 kV/cm), * Zunping Xu [email protected] 1
School of Mechatronics and Information Engineering, Chongqing College of Humanities, Science and Technology, Chongqing 401524, China
School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
2
EA−F (100.1 kV/cm), and Pmax (22.5 µC/cm2) at 130 kV/cm and room temperature. So, efforts are needed to enhance the switching field and Pmax. The energy storage properties of PNZST ceramics could be modified by adding dopants or improving preparation technology. It has been reported that La doping is an effective way to enhance the phase stability of AFE [8–10]. La doping enhanced the AFE phase stability of A gNbO3 and improved the energy storage density [11]. The addition of La increased the polarization of PZT ceramics [12]. Liu et al. reported that higher switching fields an
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