Enhancing the Sensitivity of a Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with Glancing Angle Deposited Nanostructures
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Enhancing the Sensitivity of a Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with Glancing Angle Deposited Nanostructures Mohsin Ali Badshah 1,2,3 & David Michel 3 & Nur E Alam 3 & Imtiaz Madni 4 & Naseem Abbas 1 & Kamal Alameh 3 & Seok-min Kim 1 Received: 14 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate that the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique is a competitive and efficient method to fabricating a nanostructured surface that enhances the sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, because of its simplicity and unique characteristics of material selection. The theoretical investigations were conducted by employing a rigorous coupled-wave analysis for design metrics, i.e., shift in resonance angle, SPR curve angular width, and minimum reflectance at resonance. An optimized geometry was achieved with enhanced characteristics of the SPR sensor. The SPR features of hybrid GLAD nanostructures deposited onto metallic thin films were investigated. An optical setup that used the Kretschmann-Reather configuration was utilized to monitor changes in the refractive index of water solution using the optical power interrogation method. The experimental results demonstrate that the SPR sensor fabricated with hybrid GLAD nanostructures of 30 nm height and ~ 12 nm inter-structural gap size achieved the sensitivity ~ 4× higher that of a than conventional SPR sensor. Keywords Glancing angle deposition . Surface plasmon resonance . Localized surface plasmon resonance . Refractive index . Nanostructures
Introduction Ever since surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was discovered, it has become a highly sensitive sensing technique for optical sensors that enables real-time, fast, and very accurate detection of small changes in the refractive index (RI) of a sensing medium above a thin-film metallic layer of gold or silver [1, 2]. Among the various types of SPR sensors, one of the most utilized architecture configurations is the KretschmannReather configuration. This geometry is realized by depositing
* Kamal Alameh [email protected] * Seok-min Kim [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, South Korea
2
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
3
Electron Science Research Institute (ESRI), Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
4
School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
a metallic thin film onto a glass substrate and attaching this substrate onto the base of a right-angled glass prism. This configuration allows for the interrogation of several properties of light including wavelength, incidence angle, or optical power. To generate SPR on the metallic thin-film surface, a p-polarized and collimated light beam is directed toward one of the sides of a glass prism [3]. The ene
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