Environmental, Economic, and Ethical Assessment of the Treated Wastewater and Sewage Sludge Valorization in Agriculture
Sewage sludge is a by-product of the sewage treatment plants. Because of its richness in nutrients and for several environmental and economic reasons, this waste by-product is widely used as a fertilizer for agricultural purposes under specific conditions
- PDF / 807,125 Bytes
- 30 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 12 Downloads / 236 Views
Contents 1 Introduction 2 Biological Sewage Sludge Formation Within the WWTP 3 Chemical Composition of the WW Sludge 3.1 Macro- and Micropollutants as Plant Nutrients 3.2 Metal Trace Elements (MTE) and Nanomaterials 3.3 Organic Micropollutants 4 The Sludge Microbiome Composition: An Untapped Diversity – Potential Consequences of WW Irrigation and Sludge Spreading on Agricultural Soil 4.1 Eukaryotic Components 4.2 Prokaryotic Components 4.3 Viral Components of the Sludge Microbiome 4.4 Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Genes, and Mobile Genetic Elements 5 Sewage Sludge Management 6 Sewage Sludge: An Ambiguous Status 7 Sewage Sludge: Questions at the Crossroads of Ethics and the Economy 8 Concluding Remarks and Future Recommendations References
E. Ammar Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement et Développement Durable, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie e-mail: [email protected] H. Maury and A. Sghir (*) Génomique métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France e-mail: [email protected] L. Morin Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, Université d’Evry Paris Saclay, Orsay Cedex, France Sandra Pérez Solsona, Nicola Montemurro, Serge Chiron, and Damià Barceló (eds.), Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems: The Impact of Reclaimed Wastewater, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_606, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
E. Ammar et al.
Abstract Sewage sludge is a by-product of the sewage treatment plants. Because of its richness in nutrients and for several environmental and economic reasons, this waste by-product is widely used as a fertilizer for agricultural purposes under specific conditions. This practice might be hazardous since this waste includes many known and unknown non-biodegradable and harmful pollutants, especially emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), as well as cultivable and non-cultivable pathogens. The present work is aiming at (1) providing information on the nature of sludge in terms of persistent pollutants and cultivable and non-cultivable microbiota generated by the currently implemented treatment processes, (2) analyzing the consequences of the agricultural valorization on ecosystem biodiversity and soil fertility, and (3) addressing and discussing the economic, ethical, and environmental benefits or damage of this type of valorization. These issues need full consideration by policy makers regarding the agricultural use of this waste by-product in terms of irrigation with treated domestic wastewater or sludge land spreading as soil fertilizer and plant growth promoter. Keywords Economy, Ecotoxicity, Emerging organic contaminants, Ethics, Irrigation, Land spreading, Metagenomics uncultured pathogens and parasites, Microbiome, Micropollutants, Sewage sludge
1 Introduction The human access to drinking water and sanitation is a universal right since water is a vital resource for life and indispensable for the economy and the development of nations
Data Loading...
