Environmental Impact and Challenges Associated with Bio-Based Energy
The growth of global economy and industry along with population explosion has led to an exponential enhancement in the consumption of energy in the past few decades. With this escalation in demand for energy, the utilization of renewable/sustainable energ
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Constituents of Biomass and Associated Bioenergy 3 Aspects of Biomass Investigations for Biofuel Generation 3.1 First Generation Biofuels: Biomass Contesting with Food Production 3.2 Second Generation Biofuels: Biomass Not Contesting with Food Production 3.3 Third Generation Biofuels: Prospect Fuel 4 Biofuel Production Technologies and Associated Complexities 5 Biofuels and the Environment 5.1 Climate Change and CO2 Generation 5.2 Alteration of Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) 5.3 Impact of Biofuel on Air Quality 5.4 Impact of Biofuel on Water Quality 6 Concluding Remarks References
Abstract The growth of global economy and industry along with population explosion has led to an exponential enhancement in the consumption of energy in the past few decades. With this escalation in demand for energy, the utilization of renewable/sustainable energy sources, to provide long-term sustainable benefits to society, has also spiralled on a massive scale. Approximately 85% of the world energy consumption is primarily reliant on fossil fuels, a non-renewable source of energy. Thus, bio-based energy, a sustainable source of carbon-based energy, is considered as a substitute for the depleting non-renewable energy sources. Owing to
J. Garg Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assam Science and Technology University, Guwahati, Assam, India S. Sharma (*) Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, Meghalaya, India e-mail: [email protected] Pankaj Pathak and Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava (eds.), Alternative Energy Resources: The Way to a Sustainable Modern Society, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_615, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J. Garg and S. Sharma
the decreased carbon emissions, in comparison to fossil fuels and associated government support policies, the global demand for biomass-based energy plants is increasing rapidly. Though, the utilization of biomass in the form of food crops like maize, wheat, sugarcane and soybeans for the generation of biofuel is unlikely a sustainable approach. Further, the thermochemical processes of generation of biofuels from biomass have its associated environmental concerns such as generation of detrimental toxins and its accidental release into the atmosphere, during thermal decay and chemical reformation procedure. The chapter thus takes into account the various types of biomass and its promising techniques for generating energy, in addition to highlighting the environmental impacts along with Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission for bio-based energy generation/utilization alternatives. Keywords Biomass, Climate change, Renewable energy, Resources, Sustainable development
1 Introduction The augmented use of fossil fuels has led to a continuous escalation in the earth temperature due to upsurge of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions such as CO2, N2O and CH4 into the earth’s atmosphere ensuing in ‘Global Warming’ [1, 2]. The total anthropogenic emissions contributed from the energy sector is approximately 35%, which has incre
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