Gas Hydrates Immense Energy Potential and Environmental Challenges
Gas hydrates are both a huge energy resource and an environmental challenge. They have a significant impact on society because of their applications to the future of energy, protection of the environment and fuel transportation.Gas Hydrates opens up this
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Carlo Giavarini Keith Hester •
Gas Hydrates Immense Energy Potential and Environmental Challenges
123
Carlo Giavarini Department of Ingegneria Chimica University of Rome La Sapienza Via Eudossiana 18 00184 Rome Italy e-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 1865-3529 ISBN 978-0-85729-955-0 DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-956-7
Keith Hester S Quaker Ave 4514 Tulsa, OK 74105 USA e-mail: [email protected]
e-ISSN 1865-3537 e-ISBN 978-0-85729-956-7
Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Ó Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: eStudio Calamar, Berlin/Figueres Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
The scientific community has known and studied gas hydrates for decades. However, most people do not know of this ‘‘strange’’ material so common on the Earth. At the international level, it seems that a text is missing for non-experts in gas hydrates. This book aims to fill this gap, in the simplest way possible, by explaining in a strictly scientific manner what gas hydrates are and highlighting the important energy and environmental aspects related to them. Are gas hydrates a huge source of energy or an environmental challenge to humanity, or both? Our ambition is to make the main issues and implications of gas hydrates accessible to a general technical audience, while providing enough detail to be useful for the practicing scientist or engineer. In large part, the various chapters have been designed so they can be read independently of each other, without compromising overall understanding. The use of equations, formulas, and complicated graphs has been limited as much as possible. Non-technical readers may gloss over some of the more specific discussions without losing the overall message presented. For the experts, some parts may seem elementary. However, it is hoped that this does not jeopard
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