Sorting the sheep from the goats in the Pastoral Neolithic: morphological and biomolecular approaches at Luxmanda, Tanza
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Sorting the sheep from the goats in the Pastoral Neolithic: morphological and biomolecular approaches at Luxmanda, Tanzania Mary E. Prendergast 1
&
Anneke Janzen 2,3 & Michael Buckley 4 & Katherine M. Grillo 5
Received: 5 July 2018 / Accepted: 9 October 2018 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Large-scale reconstructions of the spread of food production systems require fine-scale analyses of dietary evidence. One current impediment to understanding early African pastoralism is a lack of high-resolution portraits of herd management, specifically with respect to sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus), osteologically similar but behaviorally distinct caprines. In this study, we argue for the anthropological relevance of distinguishing sheep and goat remains in African pastoralist contexts, commenting upon implications for ecological settings and pastoralists’ strategies for production and risk management. We explain why sheep/ goat distinction is rare in African zooarchaeological studies, particularly in comparison to Southwest Asia. We then apply three methods to distinguish caprines in an archaeofaunal sample from the Pastoral Neolithic site of Luxmanda, Tanzania, dated to c. 3000 BP: morphological identifications by two independent analysts, collagen-peptide mass fingerprinting (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry, ZooMS), and carbon stable isotope analyses. A comparative assessment of the results demonstrates the ability of biomolecular methods to improve resolution of faunal records, particularly where preservation is poor. We call for wider application of these methods to legacy collections, in order to refine existing regional models for the spread of herding in Africa, and to better understand ancient pastoralists’ herd-management decisions. Keywords Zooarchaeology . Pastoralism . Stable isotopes . ZooMS . Collagen fingerprinting
Introduction Archaeological studies of the origins of food production show that domestic plants and animals rarely came into existence and spread as a Bpackage.^ This is largely due
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-018-0737-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mary E. Prendergast [email protected] 1
Division of Humanities, Saint Louis University, Madrid, Spain
2
Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
3
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
4
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
5
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
to the accumulation of increasingly precise histories, based upon archaeofaunal, archaeobotanical, biomolecular, and chronometric datasets that are now being produced for individual domesticates (Larson et al. 2014). However, such histories rely upon an ability to distinguish among closely related taxa.
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