Profiling of Essential Oil Constituents in Ocimum Species
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Profiling of Essential Oil Constituents in Ocimum Species Shiwani Maurya1,2 • Neelam Singh Sangwan1,2,3
Received: 24 July 2018 / Revised: 21 May 2019 / Accepted: 3 July 2019 Ó The National Academy of Sciences, India 2019
Abstract Ocimum species are herbaceous plants with great medicinal importance. Various tissues of the plants are being used in folk remedies for a variety of purposes. The pharmacologically active natural products present in essential oils in the Ocimum species belong to two major classes of natural compounds, viz. phenylpropanoids and terpenoids. In the present study, the essential oils from the inflorescence, leaf, and stem tissues of four major Ocimum species were hydro-distilled and analyzed. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profiling to unravel the phytomolecules and compositional quantification showed the occurrence of distinct tissue-based variability of phytomolecules. Phenylpropanoids such as eugenol and methyl chavicol were specifically found in the tissues of O. sanctum, O. gratissimum, and O. basilicum, respectively, whereas O.
Significance Statement The present study reports essential oil constituents from four major Ocimum ‘‘Tulsi’’ species (Ocimum sanctum, O. gratissimum, O. basilicum, and O. kilimandscharicum). The comparative study gives an account and profiles of phenylpropanoids and terpenoids in a tissue-specific manner. The information will be highly useful in ascertaining the pharmacological properties of Ocimum species. & Neelam Singh Sangwan [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIRCentral Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
2
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
3
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Life Science, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
kilimandscharicum was distinct in possessing a terpenoid phytomolecule camphor predominantly in its tissues. The study also analyzed the uniqueness of the distribution of phytochemical constituents of essential oil in Ocimum species in tissue- and species-specific manner. Leaves were the major site of accumulation of essential oil, whereas inflorescence and stem also contained essential oil constituents albeit in low quantities. Keywords Camphor Essential oil Phenylpropanoids Terpenoids Ocimum species
Introduction Ocimum species or ‘‘Tulsi’’ is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae. This species is best cultivated in subtropical and temperate regions and known for its great diversity in morphological attributes as well as phytochemical (essential oil) constituents. Ocimum sanctum, the holy basil, is the main source of medicinally important phytochemicals. Ocimum sanctum is widely used in Ayurvedic practices, due to its various therapeutic properties. Ocimum ge
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