Evaluation of cellulose paper degradation irradiated by an electron beam for conservation treatment
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Evaluation of cellulose paper degradation irradiated by an electron beam for conservation treatment Yujin Hwang . Hae-Jun Park . Antje Potthast . Myung-Joon Jeong
Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 21 November 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this study, we investigate the chemical, physical and optical properties of cellulose paper irradiated by an electron beam for disinfection. Cellulose chain scission and oxidation induced by radiation increased considerably at 25 kGy irradiation, whereas folding endurance, morphology, and crystallinity did not undergo significant changes. The cellulose chain scission rate of paper irradiated under air-dried and wet conditions showed no difference; however, cellulose oxidation increased to a higher degree in paper irradiated under wet conditions than under air-dried conditions. Electron beam irradiation did not significantly affect changes in paper color, which is associated with oxidation. However, when irradiated papers were aged, the color difference increased according to the irradiation dose, as the oxidized functional groups of cellulose can act as a trigger for color change. A linear relationship between
the cellulose chain scission rate and irradiation dose was found; thus, the cellulose chain scission rate can be predicted for a specific dose. The degree of polymerization was calculated from the predicted cellulose chain scission rate using the Ekenstam equation. According to the prediction, the degree of polymerization decreased to 74% at a dose of 5 kGy, a suitable dose for paper disinfection. In the low-dose range, electron beam irradiation did not adversely affect the physical properties of paper, but significant changes occurred in both the chemical and optical properties of paper. Thus, electron beam irradiation may be of use in disinfecting severely degraded paper due to biological factors; however, the irradiation process diminishes paper permanence.
Y. Hwang M.-J. Jeong (&) Department of Wood Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea e-mail: [email protected] H.-J. Park Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea A. Potthast Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Cellulose
Graphic abstract
Keywords Electron beam Paper conservation Paper disinfection Cellulose degradation Cellulose chain scission Cellulose oxidation
Introduction Cellulose paper can be degraded by biological factors such as insects and microorganisms. Although preventive conservation methods, such as the use of air circulation system or controlling the temperature and humidity, are conducted in libraries and museums, these methods cannot definitively prevent fungal biodeterioration from occurring (Sequeira et al. 2014). In addition, certain fungi, such as the Aspergillus and Peni
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