Evaluation of hydroxyapatite- and zinc-coated Ti-6Al-4V surface for biomedical application using electrochemical process
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RESEARCH
Evaluation of hydroxyapatite- and zinc-coated Ti-6Al-4V surface for biomedical application using electrochemical process Rakesh Kumar 1 & R. Thanigaivelan 2
&
G. K. Rajanikant 3 & T. Jagadeesha 1 & Jyotirekha Das 3
Received: 16 June 2020 / Revised: 17 August 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 # Australian Ceramic Society 2020
Abstract In this research, the cell viability is tested on the surface-modified implants. Electrochemical setup is used for coating the hydroxyapatite (HA) powder and nano zinc particle (Zn)n on the Ti-6Al-4 V alloy. The electrolyte is prepared by mixing the HA and (Zn)n of varying quantity, and the effect of electrochemical parameter on surface coating thickness, surface quality and cell viability was studied. Based on the study, the cell viability is observed to be maximum at HA and (Zn)n concentration of 6 g/L and 0.8 g/L, respectively. The (Zn)n concentration in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 g/L and voltage of 12–13 V is suitable for obtaining the controlled coating thickness. During the electrochemical process, the nanopores HA structures with a pore size of 215– 786 nm are obtained attributes for better cells attachment on the surface. The cell viability is found high (0.366) at 6 g/L HA and 1.6 g/L of (Zn)n concentration at 14 V. Keywords Electrochemical deposition . Hydroxyapatite . (Zn)n . Skewness . Cell viability . Coating . Surface roughness
Introduction The demand for metallic biomaterials-based medical devices is increasing day by day, and there is a requirement for the development of biomaterials which owns the identical characteristics to human bones [1]. Metallic materials, such as stainless steel, cobalt-chromium and titanium and
* R. Thanigaivelan [email protected] Rakesh Kumar [email protected] G. K. Rajanikant [email protected] T. Jagadeesha [email protected] Jyotirekha Das [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Muthayammal Engineering College (Autonomous), Rasipuram 637408, India
3
School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
its alloys, have been used as orthopaedic implants [2]. Remarkable biocompatibility and favourable mechanical properties of titanium and its alloys have involved huge interest among researchers. Research studies have exposed that Ti-6Al-4 V is the mostly used Ti alloy in an orthopaedic application for knee and hip prosthesis bone screw and plate, because of their excellent characteristics such as high specific strength, superior resistance to corrosion and absolute inert to the bodily fluid [3–5]. Even if Ti and its alloy fulfil most of the needs of implant material, they will be incapable in meeting the needs of osseointegration which provides competent binding to surrounding tissues and bone, because of their inactive surface characteristics, their poor tribological properties like low wear resistance and low surface hardness of material [6]. N
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