Evaluation of in vitro antagonism and of in vivo immune modulation and protection against pathogenic experimental challe
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Evaluation of in vitro antagonism and of in vivo immune modulation and protection against pathogenic experimental challenge of two probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium animalis var. lactis Ariane K. S. Martins • Flaviano S. Martins • Danielle A. Gomes Samir D. A. Elian • Ange´lica T. Vieira • Mauro M. Teixeira • Denise C. Cara • Regina M. D. Nardi • Jacques R. Nicoli
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Received: 19 July 2010 / Revised: 18 August 2010 / Accepted: 26 August 2010 / Published online: 17 September 2010 Ó Springer-Verlag 2010
Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of intragastric administration with two strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bifido A and Bifido B), in gnotobiotic and conventional mice, challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. In vitro antagonism test showed that the two strains were able to produce antagonistic substances against various pathogenic microorganisms. In an ex vivo antagonism test the production of antagonistic substances was observed only against three out ten pathogens tested. Both Bifidobacterium strains were able to colonize Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. The authors A. K. S. Martins and F. S. Martins contributed equally to this article. A. K. S. Martins F. S. Martins D. A. Gomes S. D. A. Elian R. M. D. Nardi J. R. Nicoli (&) Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Cieˆncias Biolo´gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C.P. 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] F. S. Martins A. T. Vieira M. M. Teixeira Departamento de Bioquı´mica e Imunologia, Instituto de Cieˆncias Biolo´gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil D. C. Cara Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Cieˆncias Biolo´gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Present Address: F. S. Martins Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
and to maintain high population levels in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice. In addition, the two strains had low and limited translocation ability and did not cause any histological lesion in any of the organs analyzed. Both strains were able to reduce the fecal number of Salmonella in gnotobiotic mice challenged with the pathogen, but only Bifido B was able to confer a protection as demonstrated by a lower mortality. Higher levels of sIgA and IL-10 were observed only in Bifido B mono-associated mice when compared to germ free group. We could conclude that, among the parameters analyzed, the strain Bifido B exhibited the more desirable characteristics to be used as a probiotic. Keywords Probiotics Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Translocation sIgA IL-10
Introduction According to the currently recommended definition by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), probiotics are ‘‘live microorganis
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