Evaluation of Luffa cylindrica fibres in a biomass packed bed for the treatment of fish pond effluent before environment
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(2020) 6:120
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evaluation of Luffa cylindrica fibres in a biomass packed bed for the treatment of fish pond effluent before environmental release Joshua O. Ighalo1,2 · Adewale George Adeniyi1 · Omodele A. A. Eletta1 · Nimotallih Iyabo Ojetimi1 · Oluwaseun J. Ajala3,4 Received: 26 September 2020 / Accepted: 7 November 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Luffa cylindrica fibres in a packed bed for the treatment of fish pond effluent before releasing into the environment. The fibres were modified by mercerisation with 0.5 M NaOH solution. Both modified and unmodified fibres were characterised using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Parameters measured were the pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). It was observed from the study that a biomass packed bed of modified and unmodified Luffa cylindrica fibres was unsuitable in remediating the DO, TDS and COD of fish pond effluents. However, the material was suitable in remediating the pH, TSS, BOD and colour of the fish pond effluents. The process reduced the colour from 9.83 to 7.12 TCU for the modified fibres and 3.41 TCU for the unmodified fibres. TSS was reduced from 2.92 to 2.8 mg/l for the modified fibres and 2.61 mg/l for the unmodified fibres. BOD was reduced from 3.5 to 0.6 mg/l for the modified fibres and 1.4 mg/l for the unmodified fibres. Keywords Biomass · Filtration · Fish pond · Luffa cylindrica · Mercerisation · Packed bed
Introduction Luffa cylindrica, derived from the cucumber and marrow family, is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics as a cultivated and naturalised plant (Oboh and Aluyor 2009). Its cultivation is of an ancient origin and it is hard to determine whether the native home is Asia or Africa. The plant * Joshua O. Ighalo [email protected] * Adewale George Adeniyi [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
3
Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
4
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomosho, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomosho, Nigeria
occurs wild in West Africa, but this is often believed to be as a result of escape from cultivation as a plant. Luffa cylindrica is mainly composed of cellulose (60%), hemicelluloses (30%) and lignin (10%), thus it is called as a lignocellulosic material (Adeyanju et al. 2020). Luffa cylindrica has a fibrous vascular system that can allow removal of water pollutants. The structure of Luffa cylindrica is cellulose based and the surface of cellulose in contact with water is negatively charged. As a result, there is
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