Evaluation of the Crop Capacity, Ecological Stability, and Plasticity of Winter Wheat Cultivars Under Conditions of the
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RODUCTION
Evaluation of the Crop Capacity, Ecological Stability, and Plasticity of Winter Wheat Cultivars Under Conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast L. K. Petrov* Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Agriculture, Rudnitsky Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Northeast, Selektsionnoi Stantsii settlement, Nizhny Novgorod oblast, 607686 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received January 21, 2020; revised February 10, 2020; accepted February 12, 2020
Abstract—Evaluation of winter wheat cultivars has been carried out in relation to their crop capacity, ecological stability, and plasticity under conditions of the light grey forest soils of the Nizhny Novgorod oblast. In 2012–2016, the crop capacity of the cultivars included into the study was 53.0 centner/hectare on average (V = 23.3%) varying from 16.3 to 89.2 centner/ha; the year-to-year and cultivar-to-cultivar difference reached 51.7 and 12.4 centner/ha, respectively. The crop productivity was influenced mainly by weather conditions (73%), whereas the cultivar contribution made only 9%. The maximum stability and plasticity were observed for the soft winter wheat cv. Nemchinovskaya 57 bred by the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center. The cultivar demonstrated a low variation coefficient (33%) and the highest homeostaticity (1.59) and stress resistance (47.4). This cultivar was also determined as the most adaptive one under conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Keywords: winter wheat, cultivar, grain, yield, ecological compatibility, stability, plasticity DOI: 10.3103/S106836742004014X
INTRODUCTION Solving of the food safety problem of a country is directly connected with an increase in the productivity of agriculture, especially grain production. Wheat is one of the most valuable and common grain crops, so great attention is paid to its cultivation worldwide. Use of winter wheat cultivars with high adaptive potential makes it possible to stabilize grain production over the years in relation to both moisture and temperature regime. The cultivars should be ecologically flexible and demonstrate individual reactions to changes of soil and climatic and weather conditions [1–3]. Russia is one of the main grain producers and exporters, and its share in the global grain production has continuously grown in recent years. According to the State Program of Russia for 2013–2020, the total annual grain yield should be increased up to 120–125 mln. t, while the crop productivity should reach 2.6 t/ha [4, 5]. To achieve the predicted yield level, one should apply a complex approach, which includes the development of effective systems of crop rotation, land treatment, use of fertilizers and pesticides, and selection of species and cultivars combining a high potential productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic factors [6–8]. The crop capacity serves as an important factor for evaluating parameters of ecological plas-
ticity and stability of a cultivar and provides an objective comprehension about the intensity of its cultivation [9, 10]. In this study, we first
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