Exogenous naringenin improved digestible protein accumulation and altered morphology via VrPIN and auxin redistribution
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Exogenous naringenin improved digestible protein accumulation and altered morphology via VrPIN and auxin redistribution in Vigna radiata Priya Sharma1 · Vineet Kumar2 · Rajiv Khosla3 · Praveen Guleria1 Received: 7 January 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Key message Naringenin exposure altered auxin redistribution via VrPIN1 leading to morphological alterations and significantly reduced the protein precipitable tannins that further enhanced the protein accumulation and bioavailability. Flavonoid exposure is known to affect the antioxidant profile of legumes. However, a detailed study evaluating the effect of flavonoid naringenin on morphology and biochemical profile of legume is lacking. The present study is a novel report of improved in planta protein bioavailability and antioxidant potential of legume mungbean on naringenin exposure. The quantitative evaluation revealed significant protein accumulation (64–122 μg/g FW) on naringenin exposure. Further, an increase in protein solubility and digestibility compared to control was evident. Naringenin mediated altered α-amylase activity improved the mungbean seed germination rate. Naringenin induced auxin redistribution and altered PIN formed transcript expression reduced lateral root density and increased stem length that was subsequently reverted on exogenous indole acetic acid application. Naringenin enhanced polyphenolic accumulation and improved the antioxidant potential of mungbean. Additionally, the responsiveness of the early gene of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, Chalcone isomerase to naringenin concentration was revealed indicating a probable feedback regulation. Further, the presence of alternate liquiritigenin biosynthesis was also evident. The present study, thus reveals the probable potential of phytochemical naringenin towards agricultural sustainability in the changing environmental conditions. Keywords α-Amylase · Antioxidant · Auxin · Alternate biosynthesis · Chalcone isomerase · Germination · Liquiritigenin · Mungbean · Naringenin · Protein · VrPIN1
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02428-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Praveen Guleria [email protected] Priya Sharma [email protected] Vineet Kumar [email protected] Rajiv Khosla [email protected]
Naringenin is a plant-derived flavanone abundantly present in citrus fruits and tomatoes (Kawaii et al. 1999). It has considerable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential (Esmaeili and Alilou 2014; Li et al. 2015b; Mulvihill et al. 2016; Shakeel et al. 2017; Rehman et al. 2018; Wali et al. 2020). Reports document the medicinal usage of naringenin 1
Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144012, India
2
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professio
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