Expression and Clinical Significance of Mucin Gene in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
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RHINOSINUSITIS (J MULLOL, SECTION EDITOR)
Expression and Clinical Significance of Mucin Gene in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Jiaxin Tong 1 & Qingjia Gu 1
# The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review This review highlights the expression and regulation of mucin in CRS and discusses its clinical implications. Recent Findings Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is common chronic nasal disease; one of its main manifestations and important features is mucus overproduction. Mucin is the major component of mucus and plays a critical role in the pathophysiological changes in CRS. The phenotype of CRS affects the expression of various mucins, especially in nasal polyps (NP). Corticosteroids(CS), human neutrophil elastase (HNE), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are closely related to the tissue remodeling of CRS and regulate mucin expression, mainly MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC5B. “It is expected that CS, HNE and TGF - β could be used to regulate the expression of mucin in CRS.” However, at present, the research on mucin is mainly focused on mucin 5AC and mucin 5B, which is bad for finding new therapeutic targets. Summary Investigating the expression and location of mucin in nasal mucosa and understanding the role of various inflammatory factors in mucin expression are helpful to figure out regulatory mechanisms of airway mucin hypersecretion. It is of great significance for the treatment of CRS. Keywords Chronic rhinosinusitis . Mucin . Corticosteroids . Human neutrophil elastase . Transforming growth factor-β1
Introduction CRS is a clinically common otolaryngology disease, which is prevalent all over the world [1]. CRS is classified into two phenotypes [2, 3••, 4••], based on the tissue remodeling characteristics, referred to as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), respectively [5]. CRS can occur in any age group and the morbidity rate increases with age. At present, the morbidity rate of CRS in China is 2 ~ 8% [6•, 7], as well as the number of CRS patients increases by 0.3% every year [8]. However, the pathogenesis of CRS remains unclear so far [9]. Although CRS is rarely fatal, it can cause nasal congestion, purulent rhinorrhea, reduction/loss of smell, facial pressure or This article is part of the Topical Collection on Rhinosinusitis * Qingjia Gu [email protected] 1
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provinicial People’s Hospital & Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
pain, and mucosal edema [10–13]. The symptoms may continue for 12 weeks or more, which bring about a substantial burden in terms of health, quality of life, and economical expenditure [14, 15]. Studies have shown that mucin is the major component of airway mucus in patients with CRS, which affects the rheological properties of mucus [16], leading to a series of pathophysiological changes, including submucosal gland hyperplasia, the increased numbers and excessive secretion of ai
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