Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS)
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Exoenzymes, Table 2 Exoenzymes, producing organisms, and their applications in biotechnology Enzyme (class) Amylase (hydrolases) Catalase (oxidoreductases) Cellulase (hydrolases) Chitinase (hydrolases) Glucose-isomerase (isomerases) Glucose-oxidase (oxidoreductases) Invertase (hydrolases) Laccase (oxidoreductases) Lipase (hydrolases) Pectate-lyase (lyases) Pectinase (hydrolases) Peroxidase (oxidoreductases) Protease (hydrolases) Pullulanase (hydrolases) Xylanase (hydrolases)
Source organism (examples) Rhizopus sp. Bacillus sp. Micrococcus sp. Aspergillus sp. Trichoderma sp. Clostridium sp. Enterobacter sp. Streptomyces sp. Bacillus sp. Arthrobacter sp. Trichoderma sp. Saccharomyces sp. Basidiomyces sp. Aspergillus sp. Burkholderia sp. Streptomyces sp. Aspergillus sp. Clostridium sp. Bacillus sp. Aspergillus sp. Bacillus sp. Bacillus sp. Klebsiella sp. Aspergillus sp.
Application/industry Starch saccharification, washing powder, baking industry, biofuel production Analytical applications, textile industry, conservation of egg-products Textile industry, paper industry, biofuel production, washing powder Mosquito control, control of plant pathogenic fungi Starch saccharification, soft drinks Baking industry, conservation of egg-products Sweets (prevention of sugar crystallization) Textile industry ( jeans bleaching) Washing powder, cheese production Fruit juice clarification, textile industry Fruit juice clarification, coffee- and cacao-production Textile industry ( jeans bleaching) Baking industry, washing powder, meat tenderizer Starch saccharification Baking industry, paper industry, textile industry, animal food additive
Vihinen, M., and Mäntsälä, P., 1989. Microbial amylolytic enzymes. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 24, 329–418. Wong, D. W. S., 2009. Structure and action mechanism of ligninolytic enzymes. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 157, 174–209.
Cross-references Aerobic Metabolism Archaea Bacteria Biogeochemical Cycles Carbon Cycle Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) Fermentation Fungi and Lichens Microbial Biomineralization Microbial Degradation Symbiosis
EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES (EPS) Alan W. Decho University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
Synonyms Capsule; Exopolymers; Exopolysaccharide; Microbial secretions; Slime
Definition Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are molecules having a range of sizes, compositions, and chemical properties that are produced and secreted by bacteria and other microorganisms, and contribute to the cell adaptability, resiliency, and functional roles in environments. Capsule refers an extracellular matrix that immediately surrounds a cell. Biofilms refer to attached microbial cells surrounded within a matrix of EPS. Introduction It has been realized for a long time that microbial organisms may exist as free-living individuals as well as in groups, attached to surfaces or to each other, and that under many conditions cells often prefer to attach to surfaces. Under the fluctuating, often less-predictable condit
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