Effect of NaCl on nitrification performance and extracellular polymeric substance characteristic of Klebsiella sp. TN-10
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of NaCl on nitrification performance and extracellular polymeric substance characteristic of Klebsiella sp. TN-10 Dan Li 1,2 & Yao Jin 1,2 & Jun Huang 1,2 & Chongde Wu 1,2 Received: 20 February 2019 / Accepted: 11 June 2019 / Published online: 25 June 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Klebsiella sp. TN-10, isolated from tannery wastewater, exhibited excellent nitrification ability cultivated in media with NaCl contents ranging from 0 to 35 g/L. Analysis of antioxidative enzyme activities of TN-10 stressed by NaCl showed that the stain produced more superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) to fight against salt stress conditions. Moreover, the autoaggregation index of TN-10 decreased with the increment of NaCl contents, which is consistent with results of zeta potentials. Extinction-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum analyses showed that the compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by TN-10 after NaCl shock were similar. Furthermore, proteins and polysaccharides were the main components of EPS, and the contents were greatly influenced by salinity. Then, circular dichroism (CD) spectrum was used to calculate the contents of each protein secondary structure. These results provided further insights into the knowledge of nitrification characteristics, auto-aggregation performance, and EPS compositions of TN-10 during NaCl shock. Keywords Salt-tolerant nitrifying bacteria . Auto-aggregation performance . NaCl shock . Extracellular polymeric substances . Extinction-emission matrix . Fourier-transform infrared
Introduction Industrialization and urbanization have resulted in a consequence of large amounts of nitrogen wastewater discharge into the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The industrial wastewater from tannery, textile dye, chemical plants, et al. is very complex and often contains a large quantity of inorganic salt, such as Cl−1, with contents ranging from 0 to 100 g/ L (Boopathy et al. 2012; Raman and Kanmani 2016; Wang et al. 2014). What is more, the fish-canning wastewater contains high and fluctuating salinity, leading to the inhibition of salt-adapted microorganisms and the decrease of metabolic enzyme activity (Corsino et al. 2018). Moreover, it was reported that these inorganic salts would also change the microbial community structures and diminish the diversity of Responsible editor: Robert Duran * Chongde Wu [email protected] 1
College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
2
Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
nitrification genes (Bassin et al. 2012). Therefore, the cultivation of salt-tolerant nitrifying-denitrifying bacteria from the wastewater treatment system is necessary. Recently, many salt-tolerant nitrifying bacteria including Halomonas (Wang e t a l . 2 0 1 7 ) a n d M i c ro b a c t e r i u m s p . , V C M 11 (Muthukrishnan et al. 2012) have
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