Extraction Procedures and Chromatography of Pesticides Residues in Strawberries
The importance of food quality has become a crucial issue due to the widespread use of pesticides in agriculture. The frequent use of pesticides has resulted in contamination of the environmental, fruit crops and also caused potential risk to human health
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Extraction Procedures and Chromatography of Pesticides Residues in Strawberries Virgínia Cruz Fernandes , M. Luz Maia , Luísa Correia Sá , Sara Sousa , Paula Paíga , José L. Vera , Valentina F. Domingues and Cristina Delerue-Matos
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Abstract The importance of food quality has become a crucial issue due to the widespread use of pesticides in agriculture. The frequent use of pesticides has resulted in contamination of the environmental, fruit crops and also caused potential risk to human health. Strawberries are at the top of the list of fruits with the highest concentration of pesticides. To date, several analytical techniques have been used for the extraction and detection of pesticides in strawberries, from classic to advanced analysis methodologies. In this chapter, the studies published by the scientific community performed from 2000 to the present, concerning the extraction and analysis of pesticide residues in strawberries, were discussed. The most broadly used detection technique for the analyse of pesticides in strawberries is mass spectrometry combined with gas and/or liquid chromatography. In general, multi-residue methods with selective sample treatment methodologies have been developed for this purpose. Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe (QuEChERS), liquid-liquid, solid-liquid, and solid-phase extraction and microextractions are the selected sample preparation techniques. The analytical parameters of the methodology and the findings on pesticide residues are described. The presented chapter shows the importance of these data in terms of food safety on the situation regarding pesticide residue in strawberries and human health regarding the risk of the ingestion of pesticides contaminated strawberries. Keywords Chromatography · Strawberries · Pesticides
V. C. Fernandes (*) · M. L. Maia · L. Correia Sá · S. Sousa · P. Paíga · J. L. Vera · V. F. Domingues · C. Delerue-Matos REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 47, Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 47, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54712-7_5
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Introduction
Pesticides can prevent large crop losses and will, therefore, continue to play a role in agriculture. As they are intrinsically toxic and deliberately spread in the environment, the production, distribution, and use of pesticides require strict regulation and control. Consumers are looking for the assurance that the food they eat is safe. Chemical diversity of these pesticides also presents a considerable challenge to food safety chemists, who require a range of analytical techniques to extract pesticides from fruit samples and then to accurately determine their identity and concentration at trace levels. The classic and innovative sample preparation and chromatography techniques provide food safety chemists tools that c
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