Extracts of Hura crepitans L. stem bark attenuate liver injury and inflammation induced by CCl 4 in rats
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Extracts of Hura crepitans L. stem bark attenuate liver injury and inflammation induced by CCl4 in rats Oluwole S. Owojuyigbe 1,2 & Christopher Larbie 1 & Caleb K. Firempong 1 Benjamin O. Emikpe 4 & Chiagoziem A. Otuechere 5
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Gustav Komlaga 3
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Received: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Medicinal plants play a vital role in the healthcare of many people in Africa and other developing countries. Of these, Hura crepitans L. is used in some parts of Nigeria and Ghana in the management of liver diseases. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) of H. crepitans stem bark in CCl4-induced liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Liver injury was induced by single oral administration of 1 mL/kg b.wt CCl4 (1:1 v/v olive oil). The effect of AE and EE was assessed at 250 mg/kg p.o. Serum and liver biochemical markers were measured, and liver was assessed for oxidative stress, morphological changes, and expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. EE, AE, and silymarin displayed significant hepatoprotective activities by ameliorating the activities of transaminase (ALT and AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and decreased the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) following increases induced by CCl4. It further enhanced the antioxidant defence enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities, while preventing lipid peroxidation. Extract further attenuated liver damage and inflammation by offering some inhibitory effect on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression, leading to downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interleukin-23 (IL-23). This study demonstrated AE and EE to be hepatoprotective, and the mechanism of hepatoprotection was through the enhancement of the antioxidant defence system with resultant mitigation of lipid peroxidation. They also showed hepatoprotective effect through the inhibition of NF-κB, thus leading to the reduction in inflammation. Keywords Liver . Hura crepitans . Liver enzymes . Antioxidants . Inflammation
Introduction The liver is an organ involved in diverse functions that are important to life. Its significant roles span synthetic, secretory, metabolic, and detoxification functions (Madrigal-Santillán et al. 2014). A compromise of any of these functions could
* Christopher Larbie [email protected] 1
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
2
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Ede, Ede, Nigeria
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
4
Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
5
Department of Biochemistry, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Nigeria
engender liver-related diseases which have become a global public health problem (Marcellin and Kutala 2018). Worrisome is the fact that liver diseases contribute significantly to the disease burden of sub-Saharan Africa (Spearman and Sonderup 2015). Several fact
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