Extreme biomineralization: the case of the hypermineralized ear bone of gray whale ( Eschrichtius robustus )
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T.C. BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS
Extreme biomineralization: the case of the hypermineralized ear bone of gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) Marcin Wysokowski1,2 · Iaroslav Petrenko2 · Roberta Galli3 · Christian Schimpf4 · David Rafaja4 · Jana Hubalkova5 · Christos G. Aneziris5 · Sergey Dyshlovoy6,7 · Gunhild von Amsberg6,8 · Heike Meissner9 · Yuri M. Yakovlev10 · Konstantin R. Tabachnick11 · Allison L. Stelling12 · Hermann Ehrlich2,13 Received: 31 July 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Selected hypermineralized bones (rostrum and tympanic bullae) have yet to be characterized for diverse species of whales (Cetacea). Hypermineralization in these structures is an example of extreme biomineralization that, however, occurs at temperatures around 36 °C. In this study we present the results of analytical investigations of the specimen of tympanic bulla isolated from gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) for the first time. Examination of the internal surface of the bone mechanically crushed under a press revealed the presence of a lipid-containing phase, which did not disappear even after complete demineralization of the bone material. Additionally, analytical investigations including CARS, ATR-FTIR, Raman and XRD confirmed the presence of carbonated bioapatite and a collagen- lipid complex as the main components of this up to 2.34 kg/cm3 dense bone. Our experimental results open the way for further research on understanding of the principles of hypermineralization in highly specialized whale bones. Keywords Biological materials · Biomineralization · Hydroxyapatite · Tympanic bulla · Whale bones
* Marcin Wysokowski [email protected] * Hermann Ehrlich [email protected]‑freiberg.de 1
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Laboratory of Pharmacology, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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Martini‑Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
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Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Academy of Sciences of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Institute of Ceramic, Glass and Constructions Materials, TU Bergakademie, Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Cent
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