• PDF / 2,092,652 Bytes
• 8 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
• 58 Downloads / 286 Views

DOWNLOAD

REPORT

---

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION

Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Groundnut Shell Via Chemical Activation Geeta Kumari1 • Bhavin Soni1 • Sanjib Kumar Karmee1

Received: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 Ó The Institution of Engineers (India) 2020

Abstract This study focuses on the conversion of groundnut shell into activated carbons via chemical activation using H3PO4, ZnCl2 and KOH. 100 g of groundnut shell was used for activation at 1:1 impregnation ratio (feedstock to the activating agent). The yield (wt%) of activated carbon was in the range of 87–90 wt%. Highest BET surface area was obtained for KOH activated carbon sample (691.69 m2/g). In line with this, methylene blue number was higher in case of KOH activated carbon sample (332.20 mg/g) as compared to H3PO4 (270.20 mg/ g) and ZnCl2 (291.20 mg/g) samples. Thermo-gravimetric analysis reveals that all activated carbon samples were thermal stable up to * 850 °C. FTIR spectrum shows appearances of minor functional groups in the activated carbons. Keywords Groundnut shell  Chemical activation  Activated carbon  Characterization  Circular economy Abbreviations AC GNS H3PO4 KOH ZnCl2 AC (GNS-ZnCl2)

Activated carbon Groundnut shell Phosphoric acid Potassium hydroxide Zinc chloride

& Sanjib Kumar Karmee [email protected]; [email protected] 1

Thermo-Chemical Conversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute (SPRERI), Post Box No. 2, Near BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat 388 120, India

AC (GNS-H3PO4)

AC (GNS-KOH)

MB MBn ABS BET SEM TGA FTIR EDX

Activated carbon from groundnut shell using zinc chloride as an activating agent Activated carbon from groundnut shell using phosphoric acid as an activating agent Activated carbon from groundnut shell using potassium hydroxide as an activating agent Methylene blue Methylene blue number Absorbance Brunauer–Emmett–Teller Scanning electron microscopy Thermo-gravimetric analysis Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy Energy-Dispersive X-ray

Introduction Thermo-chemical conversion technologies are widely used for the conversion of biomass into high-value products [1]. Along this line, pyrolysis is a well known technology because it produces a variety of products, viz. char, oil and gas [2, 3] In general, thermal degradation leads to the removal of volatile matters from biomass [4, 5]. The remaining char has many important properties, viz. high porosity, surface area and carbon content. Therefore, the obtained char can be used as an adsorbent [6, 7]. The term activated carbon (AC) is referred as a carbonaceous substance with high mechanical strength,

123

J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. E

porosity, adsorptive capacity, surface reactivity and high surface area [8]. This is usually an amorphous microcrystalline, tasteless, non-graphite form of carbon and a black solid substance which resembles powder or granular charcoal [9]. AC cannot be characterized by any distinguishing chemical formula. On the basis of its physical characteristic, AC can be categorized into num