Farming tambaqui ( Colossoma macropomum ) in static clear water versus a biofloc system with or without Bacillus subtili
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Farming tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in static clear water versus a biofloc system with or without Bacillus subtilis supplementation Driely Kathriny Monteiro dos Santos 1 & Juliana Tomomi Kojima 2 & Thiago Macedo Santana 1 & Diogo Pereira de Castro 3 & Paula Taquita Serra 4 & Naiara Silva Menezes Dantas 1 & Flávio Augusto Leão da Fonseca 5 & Luís André Morais Mariúba 4 & Ligia Uribe Gonçalves 1,2 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020/ # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract
The use of probiotics can beneficially improve the water quality in the biofloc technology (BFT) system consequently enhancing the fish performance. This study focused on the effect of Bacillus subtilis on a clear water static system compared to the BFT system on the productive performance, proximate body composition, and diversity of intestinal bacterial communities of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles submitted to four treatments: clear water static system with (CW + BS) or without (CW) B. subtilis and BFT with (BFT + BS) or without (BFT) B. subtilis. For the study, 20 juveniles (five replicates) per treatment were used for 60 days. For the B. subtilis treatments, water was inoculated at weekly intervals with a 4 × 108-cell mL−1 culture suspension. Results revealed that regardless of B. subtilis supplementation, fish reared in BFT displayed better zootechnical performance than those in CW—weight gain (BFT 33.57 ± 4.08 g; CW 19.97 ± 5.42 g), protein efficiency (BFT 0.16 ± 0.02; CW 0.11 ± 0.02), feed conversion ratio (BFT 0.71 ± 0.08; CW 0.84 ± 0.40), and relative growth rate (BFT 1.52 ± 0.12; CW 1.06 ± 0.15)—which suggests that biofloc consumption was 31.9% crude protein. Moreover, fish reared in BFT + BS had a higher condition factor (2.30 ± 0.09). In conclusion, BFT is regarded as a promising system to save water, decrease aquaculture effluents, and promote tambaqui farming. Although B. subtilis is a common bacterium found in tambaqui gut, its supplementation in the BFT system improved the fish condition factor. Keywords Biofloc technology system . Colossoma macropomum . Probiotic . Zootechnical performance
* Ligia Uribe Gonçalves [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Aquaculture International
Introduction Globally, the growth of the aquaculture industry is continued to meet the rising food demand of the world’s growing population (Jones et al. 2020). The biofloc technology (BFT) system recycles nitrogen effluent produced by heterotrophic bacteria, lowers the concentration of dissolved ammonia, and decreases water toxic compounds with low or zero water exchange (Avnimelech 1999; Hargreaves 2006). Besides, the microbial community, which is the basis of this technology, is continually available as a food source for filter-feeding fish (Luo et al. 2014). To date, favorable results have been reported for Litopenaeus vannamei and Oreochromis niloticus farmed by the BFT system (Wasielesky et al. 2006; Samocha et al. 2007; Azim and Little 2008). Inoculat
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