Fast electrodeposition of zinc onto single zinc nanoparticles
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Fast electrodeposition of zinc onto single zinc nanoparticles Giorgia Zampardi 1,2 & Richard G. Compton 1 Received: 5 February 2020 / Revised: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 5 March 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The zinc deposition reaction onto metallic zinc has been investigated at the single particle level through the electrode-particle collision method in neutral solutions, and in respect of its dependence on the applied potential and the ionic strength of a sulphatecontaining solution. Depending on the concentration of sulphate ions in solution, different amounts of metallic zinc were deposited on the single Zn nanoparticles. Specifically, insights into the electron transfer kinetics at the single particles were obtained, indicating an electrically early reactant-like transition state, which is consistent with the rate-determining partial dehydration/de-complexation process. Such information on the reaction kinetics at the nanoscale is of vital importance for the development of more efficient and long-lasting nanostructured Zn-based negative electrodes for Zn-ion battery applications.
Introduction The growing need of our contemporary society for energy harvested from renewable sources is pushing the development of energy storage systems for large-scale stationary applications. Considering their high costs, the toxicity, and the safety issues of the organic-based electrolytes, together with the uneven distribution of the lithium resources [1–3], Li-ion batteries are not ideal candidates for stationary applications. For this reason, in the last decade, efforts have been directed towards the development of aqueous-based metal-ion batteries, because of the more environmentally friendly nature of the electrode materials and of the electrolytes constituting the cell, and because of their lower costs. Aqueous metal-ion batteries are based on monovalent Na-ion and K-ion, or on polyvalent Zn-ion, Al-ion, and Mg-ion insertion We congratulate Professor Fritz Scholz on the occasion of his 65th birthday and admire his many pioneering contributions in the field of Solid State Electrochemistry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04539-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Richard G. Compton [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
2
Present address: Universität Bremen, Energiespeicher- und Energiewandlersysteme, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
chemistries [4–6]. In contrast to the more mature Li-ion concept, all these technologies to be commercialised need still advancement in terms of increasing efficiencies and cycle life, and electrode material optimisation [4, 6, 7]. Among the different aqueous metal-ion technologies, Zn-ion batteries consisting of a metallic Zn-based negative electrode, a Zn2+-containing aqueous electrolyte, and a Zn insertion positive electrode
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