Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Eucalyptus globulus Labill. leaf extract and zinc
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Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Eucalyptus globulus Labill. leaf extract and zinc nitrate hexahydrate salt Azeez Abdullah Barzinjy1,2 · Himdad Hamad Azeez1 Received: 4 February 2020 / Accepted: 22 April 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This study consists of a reliable process for synthesizing ZnO NPs by green method. Here, Eucalyptus globulus Labill. leaf extract is utilized as an efficient chelating and capping agent for synthesizing ZnO NPs from zinc nitrate hexahydrate salt. The plant ingredients, structure, morphology, thermal behavior, chemical composition and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles were investigated using several characterization techniques, namely XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, BET, Zeta potential, DLS, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, FT-IR analysis and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The UV–Vis and FTIR analysis of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract verified that this extract is a promising candidate for biosynthesizing ZnO NPs. The XRD spectrum, DLS and the SEM images confirmed the crystallinity and the spherical-shape of the ZnO NPs with an average size between 27 and 35 nm. The band-gap of the ZnO were measured to be around 2.67 eV. Zeta potential and BET analysis showed that, the biosynthesized ZnO NPs possess good stability and the their specific surface area is 23.481 m2/g. DSC analysis exhibits two endothermic peaks related to the water evaporation absorbed by the NPs and modification of zinc complex to zinc hydroxide, with a single exothermic peak related to the crystallization of ZnO NPs and degradation of organic materials. Keywords Green synthesis method of NPs · ZnO NPs · Eucalyptus globulus · Zinc nitrate hexahydrate · Biosynthesis
1 Introduction Nanoparticles display novel characteristics which vary considerably from those shown by their bulk material equivalents due to their extremely tiny sizes, i.e. order of 10−9 m. Their tiny dimensions provide them extraordinary surfaceto-volume ratios which permit them to confine electron motions inside boundaries associated with improving the optical properties. This makes them particularly desirable in various application areas such as medicine [1], drug delivery [2], water purification [3], agriculture [4], food [5], solar cells [6], cosmetics [7], textiles [8] and electronics [9]. Metals and metal oxides nanomaterial exhibit vital physicochemical properties which include higher
conductivity, catalytic activity; unusual optical properties and pyro-mechanical properties. They also have antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms [10–13]. Concerning the biological activity of nanoparticles, it has been shown that silver (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) have an inhibitory effect on the growth of bacterial and fungal strains, when used in concentrations comparable to those used in antibiotics to treat infectious diseases [14, 15]. It has been proven that metal nanoparticles, despite offering antimicrobial activity, could exhibit cytotoxic effects on healthy and carcin
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