Fe 2 O 3 -graphene anchored Ag nanocomposite catalyst for enhanced sonocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Fe2O3‑graphene anchored Ag nanocomposite catalyst for enhanced sonocatalytic degradation of methylene blue Amnuay Noypha1 · Yonrapach Areerob2 · Saksit Chanthai3 · Prawit Nuengmatcha1,4 Received: 10 August 2020 / Revised: 20 October 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 © The Korean Ceramic Society 2020
Abstract In the present research work, Fe2O3-graphene-Ag (FGA) was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The sonocatalytic activity of the FGA particles was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultrasonic irradiation, revealing their good sonocatalytic activity. The effects of various experimental factors, such as dosage, time, and ultrasonic frequencies on the sonocatalytic efficiency were investigated; a significant influence of different factors on the sonocatalytic degradation of MB was observed, whereas the best degradation conditions were obtained when ultrasonic irradiation was performed for 90 min at room temperature considering MB concentration = 0.5 g L−1, Ccatalyts = 1 g L−1, and pH 6.5. Moreover, the sonocatalytic activity of the FGA was compared to that of Fe2O3 (F), graphene (G), and Fe2O3-graphene (FG). As a result, the FGA was found to exhibit higher sonocatalytic activity than other catalysts (FGA > FG > G > F), which evidenced the practical utility of the synthesized FGA as a highly effective catalyst for the removal of dye pollutants. Finally, the plausible sonocatalytic mechanism of FGA is also discussed in this work. Keywords Sonocatalytic degradation · Graphene · Catalyst · Fe2O3
1 Introduction Textile dyeing is a major source of environmental pollution. Color effluents, which get discharged from the textile industry, are highly harmful due to their wide range of toxicity and carcinogenicity. Hence, the removal of color dyes from wastewater is highly warranted. Over the years, various techniques for the removal of dyes have been studied, * Prawit Nuengmatcha [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Creative Innovation in Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80280, Thailand
2
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
3
Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
4
Nanomaterials Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80280, Thailand
such as flocculation [1] membrane filtration [2], adsorption [3], photovoltaic electrocoagulation [4], ozonation [5], electro-Fenton process [6], ion exchange [7], ion flotation [8], photocatalytic degradation [9], and sonocatalytic degradation [10]. Among these, sonocatalytic degradation has been identified as a promising method for the treatment of dyes in wastewater due to i
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