Feasibility Study of Making Metallic Hybrid Materials Using Additive Manufacturing
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TODAY’S engineering world design requirements can require components containing two materials to provide the desired performance. Hybrid structures can combine unique attributes of two or more materials; thus, filling a gap in the material property space.[1] Additive ERCAN CAKMAK, NIYANTH SRIDHARAN, and AMIT SHYAM are with the Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831. Contact e-mail: [email protected] SINGANALLUR V. VENKATAKRISHNAN is with the Electrical and Electronics Systems Research Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831. HASSINA Z. BILHEUX and LOUIS J. SANTODONATO are with the Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831. SUDARSANAM S. BABU is with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 and with the Energy & Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 and also with the Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/ downloads/doe-public-access-plan ). Manuscript submitted December 27, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
Manufacturing (AM) techniques have attracted considerable interest as candidate processing techniques to fabricate hybrid materials. Aside from being able to make complex structures, spatial composition control makes it the perfect candidate for fabricating hybrid structures. This aspect of AM technologies[2–7] offers more freedom in design and therefore, is more desirable for the manufacture of complex monolithic hybrid structures.[6,7] Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are a class of hybrid materials, and one of the more commonly used methods of manufacture is powder metallurgy via compaction and sintering.[8] However, this technique is limited to using premixed powders and thus, randomly distributed particles. Moreover, the final part geometry is limited by the conventional sintering methods[9] which might require post-process machining that can be difficult and costly.[4,10] In recent years, powder AM has been used to make ceramic particle-reinforced MMCs[3–5,9–14] which provide materials with improved wear resistance[10] and mechanical properties (i.e., high specific strength, stiffness, and toughness).[14] Both powder bed[3,9,10,13] and blown-powder[4,5,11,12,14] tec
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