Feeding lifestyles of the Phytoseiidae revisited: searching for a factitious rearing host for Neoseiulus fallacis (Acari
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Feeding lifestyles of the Phytoseiidae revisited: searching for a factitious rearing host for Neoseiulus fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Robert McGregor . Katelyn Crisp . Camile Castiglia
Received: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 18 May 2020 International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) 2020
Abstract Several mite species from the Phytoseiidae (Acari) have been successfully developed as products for augmentative biological control. Rearing of mites using factitious prey in grain-based systems can increase the efficiency of production of phytoseiids. This has been done successfully for several species but usually for Type III (generalist predator) phytoseiids. Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is a Type II phytoseiid (prefers spider mites) that is currently reared in British Columbia (Canada) on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) in a plant-based system. Here, we present feeding behaviour and predation data for N. fallacis on T. urticae and three Astigmatid (Acari) mites: Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank) (Acari: Glycyphagidae), Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Tropeau) (Acari: Acaridae) and Thyreophagus entomophagus (Laboulbe`ne) (Acari: Acaridae). Our objective is to identify a candidate factitious host for mass rearing of N. fallacis. Although N. fallacis grabbed prey mites of all four species, successful feeding attempts were more frequent for the native host, T. urticae, than for the three Astigmatid species. N. fallacis rejected A. ovatus and T. entomophagus as hosts more often than
Handling Editor: Eric Riddick R. McGregor (&) K. Crisp C. Castiglia Institute of Urban Ecology, Douglas College, New Westminster, BC, Canada e-mail: [email protected]
T. urticae. In predation trials, N. fallacis fed at the highest rate on T. urticae, at an intermediate rate on L. destructor, and at the lowest rates on A. ovatus and T. entomophagus. For the three mites tested, L. destructor is the most promising species for further development as a factitious host for N. fallacis. Keywords Augmentative biological control Factitious hosts Neoseiulus fallacis Phytoseiidae Tetranychus urticae Lepidoglyphus destructor
Introduction In augmentative biological control, the Acari are only second to the Hymenoptera in numbers of species commercialized and sold to growers (van Lenteren 2011; Knapp et al 2018; Gerson et al 2003). Several phytoseiid (Acari: Phytoseiidae) mites are produced for mass release including Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot that was developed as a product in 1968 and is now sold in over 20 countries (Knapp et al 2018; van Lenteren 2011). Over 20 species of phytoseiids have been developed as commercial products, and four species appear on a list of the 25 most used products globally (i.e. P. persimilis, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) and Neoseilus californicus (McGregor)) (Knapp et al 2018; van Lenteren 2011).
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Despite this success, challenges remain in th
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