Feldspar-banana peel composite adsorbent for efficient crude oil removal from solution
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Feldspar‑banana peel composite adsorbent for efficient crude oil removal from solution Folasegun A. Dawodu1 · Chika J. Abonyi1 · Kovo G. Akpomie2,3 Received: 12 September 2020 / Accepted: 26 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The problem of oil spill pollution associated with the transport of crude oil and its products across the globe is of serious concern. The sorption technique has proved to be promising for oil spill treatment but is limited by the hydrophilic nature of most natural organic sorbents. The combo of natural organic and inorganic sorbents have been found to enhance the hydrophobicity for oil sorption. Therefore this study was aimed at the preparation of a novel feldspar-banana peel biochar composite (FBPC) with enhanced hydrophobicity for the sorption of crude oil. The prepared sorbent was characterised by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, while the crude oil was characterised using standard methods. Batch sorption was used to determine the effect of contact time (30–150 min), temperature (25–100 °C), pH (2.0–10.0), oil concentration (4.0–12.0 g/L) and sorbent dosage (0.1–0.5 g) on sorption. SEM analysis of FBPC revealed a porous structure, while XRD confirmed the crystalline phases of feldspar. The crude oil samples had pH (6.40–6.60), density (0.960 0 0.962 g/cm3), kinematic viscosity (24.0–27.6 cSt) and API gravity (24.25–24.51°). The Langmuir model with R2 > 0.7781 presented the best fit than the Temkin and Freundlich model in the isotherm analysis, while the pseudosecond-order model with R2 > 0.9711 was applicable in the kinetics of sorption. The thermodynamic analysis revealed a decrease in randomness at the crude oil-FBPC interface. The prepared FBPC was found to be an efficient inorganic–organic composite sorbent with enhanced hydrophobicity for the sorption of crude oil. Keywords Biochar · Sorption · Feldspar · Banana peel · Composite · Crude oil
Introduction Pollution has been a worrying experience to humanity for the past few decades, since the advent of technology and man’s quest for industrialisation. Oil pollution in the environment has been a major source of concern for the people living in crude oil-rich areas (Ohanmu and Bako 2017). Oil pollution occurs during exploration, extraction, refining, shipping and transportation, storage, or in form of leakages in the pipelines. Onshore oil spillage is very phytotoxic to plant and injurious to animals (FEPA 1991). Gas flaring during the * Chika J. Abonyi [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry (Industrial), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
2
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
3
Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
exploration of crude oil does not only cause global warming through the excess release of greenhouse gases (CO2, NO2, SO2) to the atmosphere but as well causes ocean acidification (UNEP/GRID 2011). The presence of heteroatoms (su
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