Filaggrin and the Oral Mucosa
The stratified squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa is characterized by significant regional variations mainly with regard to differences in the degree of keratinization. The oral mucosa is also divided into lining, masticatory, and specialized types re
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Anne Marie Lynge Pedersen and Jesper Reibel
Contents
35.1
35.1
Organization of the Oral Mucosa ...........
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35.2
Structure of Oral Epithelia .....................
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35.3
The Permeability of the Oral Mucosa ....
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35.4
Molecular Differentiation in Oral Epithelium ................................... Keratins and Cornified Envelope Proteins ......................................
35.4.1
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35.5
Filaggrin....................................................
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35.6
A Role for Filaggrin in Oral Contact Allergic Lesions? .......................
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References ...............................................................
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A.M.L. Pedersen, PhD, DDS (*) Section of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology and Anatomy, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Norre Alle 20, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] J. Reibel, PhD Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Norre Alle 20, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark e-mail: [email protected]
Organization of the Oral Mucosa
All areas of the oral mucosa are lined with stratified squamous epithelium; however, marked differences in epithelial differentiation patterns are seen from one area to another. Traditionally, the oral mucosa is divided into lining, masticatory, and specialized types, reflecting the functions in different areas [1]. Lining mucosa, supported by lamina propria and submucosa with underlying striated muscle, is nonkeratinized and characterized by being flexible and distensible in order to accommodate the functions related to speech and manipulating food in the chewing process. Masticatory mucosa, supported by a lamina propria firmly attached to the underlying bone, is keratinized and has a rigid surface in order to participate in macerating food and to resist the mechanical friction related to mastication. Specialized mucosa is represented by the dorsal surface of the tongue containing papillae with taste buds and papillae participating in the chewing and swallowing process. The latter papillae are keratinized, whereas most other areas are nonkeratinized. In contrast to skin, hair follicles and sweat glands are not present in the oral mucosa. Sebaceous glands, however, are present in many individuals in the labial and buccal mucosa sometimes presenting clinically as yellow spots (Fordyce’s spots). Their presence is not easily explainable, as lubrication of the oral mucosa is taken care of by the salivary glands, which are
J.P. Thyssen, H. Maibach (eds.), Filaggrin, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-54379-1_35, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
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A.M.L. Pedersen and J. Reibel
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responsible for the moist character of the mucosa and furthermore have an important protective function as a first line of defense.
35.2
gingival epithelium is parakeratinized (Fig. 35.3), although both keratinization types can be seen in both regions. Thus, the general stratification
Structure of Oral Epithelia
The o
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