First report of brown leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata on Aronia melanocarpa in Turkey
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First report of brown leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata on Aronia melanocarpa in Turkey Zühtü Polat 1 & Mehmet Akif Gültekin 1 & Harun Bayraktar 2
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& Nuray Özer & Gülsüm Palacıoğlu & Mehmet Emin Akçay
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Received: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 2 May 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Keywords Black chokeberry . Brown leaf spot . Alternaria alternata
Aronia melanocarpa, called black chokeberry is a deciduous shrub plant, belonging to Rosaceae family. In the spring of 2019, leaf spot symptoms were observed in a commercial black chokeberry field located in Yalova province, Turkey. Leaves had light, brown, circular or irregular, 3 to 7 mm in diameter spots surrounded by brownish-red haloes. Intense symptoms were frequently observed and associated with defoliation. To identify the pathogen, five symptomatic leaves were collected from individual chokeberry plants. Infected leaf pieces were surface disinfested with 1% NaOCl solution for 1 min, rinsed with sterile water, and incubated in Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 0.1 g L−1 streptomycin sulphate at 23 °C for 7 days. Fifteen fungal colonies showing a dark olive colour with loose, cottony mycelium were consistently obtained from lesions of the five leaves. All fungal colonies were identified as Alternaria alternata based on morphological characteristics (Simmons 2007). Conidiophores were sparsely branched and produced numerous conidia in long chains. Conidia were obpyriform to obclavate with 3–5 longitudinal septa and 1–3 transversa septa and 20 ~ 36 × 8 ~ 15 μm in size. These characteristics corresponded to those of Alternaria alternata described by Kwon et al. (2016) in
* Harun Bayraktar [email protected] 1
Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute, 77102 Yalova, Turkey
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Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
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Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Namık Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdağ, Turkey
A. melanocarpa. To confirm the identity of the causal fungus, the regions of translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) of the representative fungal pathogen were amplified and deposited in the GenBank database (Accession Nos.: TEF-1α: MN893430, GPD: MN893428, RPB2: MN893429). BLASTn search of the obtained sequences showed 99.8–100% sequence identity with the reference sequence of Alternaria alternata CBS 916.96 (GPD, AY278808; TEF-1α, KC584634; RPB2, KC584375) in GenBank. The isolate Am3 was deposited in Ankara University Culture Collection with accession number AUZF-1060. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on the fully expanded leaves from 4-year-old healthy chokeberry plants. Mycelial discs, 5-mm-diameter, taken from the margins of a 7-day-old PDA culture were placed on the upper surface of six leaves into Petri plates containing moist filter papers. Six control leaves were treated with sterile
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