Flame retardant polyurethane sponge/MTMS aerogel composites with improved mechanical properties under ambient pressure d
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RESEARCH PAPER
Flame retardant polyurethane sponge/MTMS aerogel composites with improved mechanical properties under ambient pressure drying Xiaoxu Wu & Siqi Huang & Yan Zhang & Long Shi & Yan Luo & Xi Deng & Qiong Liu & Zhi Li
Received: 21 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Considering the low thermal stability and high flammability of polyurethane sponge (PUS) and the poor mechanical performance of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) aerogels, their combination for improvement of characteristics was investigated. The density of prepared polyurethane sponge/ MTMS aerogel (PUSMA) composites increased exponentially between 0.032 and 0.13 g/cm3 with the MTMS aerogel content rising, and the thermal conductivity increased linearly between 36.5 and 44.3 mW/(m K). The good hydrophobicity was maintained with a contact angle up to 145.0°. Despite the combination being physical effects, the PUSMA composite presented improved mechanical properties with better integrality and increased elastic modulus. Thermogravimetric analyses suggested that the synergistic effect in the combination improved the thermal stability. The flame combustion probability and the peak heat release rate with flame combustion decreased significantly, implying enhanced flame retardancy of the PUSMA composite. This study X. Wu : S. Huang : Y. Zhang : Y. Luo : X. Deng : Q. Liu Z. Li (*) School of Resource and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China e-mail: [email protected]
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X. Wu School of Economics and Management, Changsha University, Changsha 410083, China L. Shi Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
from the perspective of composites provides new insight into the development of new high-efficiency aerogelbased thermal insulation materials. Keywords MTMS aerogel . Polyurethane sponge . Flame retardancy . Mechanical property . Thermal property . Nanoscale interfaces of aerogels
Introduction Silica aerogels are typical mesoporous materials composed of ~5 vol% silica network and ~ 95 vol% air (Hüsing and Schubert 1998), which show quite excellent characteristics, such as ultra-low density, extremely low thermal conductivity, and large specific surface area (Hüsing and Schubert 1998; Pierre and Pajonk 2002). Since their first synthesis in 1931 (Kistler 1931), silica aerogels present a great application prospect, such as thermal insulation (Baetens et al. 2011; Koebel et al. 2012; Cuce et al. 2014), oil/water separation (Wu et al. 2018; He et al. 2018; Abolghasemi Mahani et al. 2018; Li et al. 2020), catalyst supports (Pajonk 1991; Zhao et al. 2011), and aerospace (Randall et al. 2011; Bheekhun et al. 2013). Continuously increasing efforts have been made to improve the performance (Leventis 2007; Meador et al. 2015; Zhao et al. 2015; Li et al. 2016a; Shimizu et al. 2017; Zu et al. 2018a, b; Iswar et al. 2018; Huang et al. 2019b) and extend the application domains and markets of silica aerogels (Koebel et al. 2016; Huber et
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