Production and Characterization of Green Flame Retardant Poly(lactic acid) Composites
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Production and Characterization of Green Flame Retardant Poly(lactic acid) Composites Aysegul Erdem1 · Mehmet Dogan1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the current study, huntite hydromagnesite (HH) was used as flame retardant additive in poly (lactic acid) (PLA) to produce green flame retardant composites. The effects of HH amount, particle size and surface modifications on the flame retardant, thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. The properties of the composites were investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), horizontal and vertical burning test (UL 94), mass loss calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile test, impact test and dynamic mechanical analysis. According to results, the flame retardant PLA composites with different UL-94 ratings (HB, V2, V0) were produced. The LOI value increased as the added amount of HH increased. The highest LOI value of 34.2 was achieved with the addition of 60 wt% HH. Surface modifications had no remarkable effect on the flammability properties of the composites. The addition of HH reduced the tensile and impact strengths and improved the elastic modulus of the composites as the added amount of HH increased. The addition of HH with large particle size deteriorated the flammability properties and tensile strength despite of the increase in impact strength. Surface modifications improved the mechanical properties of the composites due to the improvement in interfacial adhesion between HH and PLA. Keywords Huntite hydromagnesite · Poly(lactic acid) · Flammability · Surface modifications · Mechanical properties
Introduction The use of biopolymers including poly (lactic acid) (PLA) increases in several application areas with the increment in the environmental conscious in the last decades. With its good physical and mechanical properties, reasonable cost, and the processing with conventional techniques, PLA is the most important candidate to replace the petroleum based polymers in numerous areas including transportation, electrical and electronic sectors [1, 2]. The easy ignitability of PLA becomes a problem in their broad range of potential applications. Thus, numerous studies are made for improving the flame retardant properties of PLA. The addition of the flame retardant additives during the melt processing techniques is the most preferred method. Various additives including mineral based ones are used for imparting flame retardant property to PLA [3–6].
* Mehmet Dogan [email protected] 1
Department of Textile Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
Mineral based flame retardant additives are widely used in numerous polymeric materials including PLA due to their environmentally friendly character and reasonable cost [7]. The flame retardant effect of mineral based fillers (aluminum hydroxide [8–10] and boehmite [11]) were investigated in PLA based composites. Huntite-hydromagnesite (HH), a natural mineral mixture, decomposes at about 220–240 °C with the decomposit
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