Flexible and free-standing MnO x /reduced graphene oxide paper with excellent cycling stability for Li-ion battery anode
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Bull Mater Sci (2020) 43:271 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-020-02244-x
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Flexible and free-standing MnOx/reduced graphene oxide paper with excellent cycling stability for Li-ion battery anode LU ZHOU1, YUE YANG1, XIANG-HUI YAN1, BEI-PING WANG1, ZHONG-LI ZOU1, FENG-LAN HAN1,2 and TONG XUE1,* 1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People’s Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Industrial By-Products, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People’s Republic of China *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) 2
MS received 6 January 2020; accepted 14 June 2020 Abstract. In this study, the performance of manganese oxide nanorods/reduced graphene oxide (MnOx/rGO) composite papers as anode for lithium-ion battery is investigated. The self-supporting and flexible composite papers are fabricated via traditional vacuum filtration. The crystal structure, chemical state and morphology are determined by XRD, XPS and SEM, respectively. And the electrochemical performance is measured by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) techniques. It is proved that the MnOx/rGO papers exhibit layer-by-layer structure in which rod-shaped MnOx is sandwiched among the rGO sheets. As anode for lithium-ion batteries, the capacity of MnOx/ rGO paper can be stabilized at 518 mAh g-1 for 1500 charge/discharge cycles. Keywords.
1.
MnOx; reduced graphene oxide; composite paper; flexible; Li-ion battery.
Introduction
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted much attention for their practical application [1–5]. The targets for the development of LIBs are to improve the cycle stability, specific capacity and energy density to satisfy the continuously increasing energy requirement [6–9]. In recent years, the design of wearable devices raises much more requirements for the energy storage batteries [10–12]. The commercial anode material, graphite, cannot meet the current needs, because of the relatively low theoretical specific capacity (372 mAh g-1) [13]. The specific capacity of transition metal oxides as anode material is three times higher as compared to graphite, and metal oxides have low price and simple preparation process [14]. However, during charge/discharge process, the metal oxides will have a volume deformation, which causes the structure collapse and limits the practical application of transition metal oxides [15]. Therefore, it is an ideal way to use the skeleton to reduce the volume deformation of metal oxides effectively [16,17]. Here, graphene is a potential candidate of skeleton to prevent the structure collapse of metal oxides due to its good conductivity and large specific surface [18,19]. Further, its 2-dimensional structure could help to set up the self-standing and binder-free paper with flexibility [20,21]. As literature reported, V2O5 nanorod/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)
[22] and MnO2 nanotube/graphene [23] have been fabricated for sup
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