Flood Risk Assessment and Management How to Specify Hydrological Loa
This book examines many aspects of flood risk management in a comprehensive way. As risks depend on hazard and vulnerabilities, not only geophysical tools for flood forecasting and planning are presented, but also socio-economic problems of flood man
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Flood Risk Assessment and Management How to Specify Hydrological Loads, Their Consequences and Uncertainties
Andreas H. Schumann Editor Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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Editor Prof. Dr. Andreas H. Schumann Ruhr-University Bochum Chair of Hydrology and Water Management Bochum, Germany [email protected]
ISBN 978-90-481-9916-7 e-ISBN 978-90-481-9917-4 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-9917-4 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: bridge destroyed during the flood 2002 at the Mulde River in Germany. Photographer: Prof. A. Schumann. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
This book was planned with two intentions. The first one was to close the gap between the holistic view on flood risk, which was established in the last decade by risk oriented planning, focused on socio-economic consequences of floods, and a flood hydrology, which was still based on a safety oriented approach inherited from structural flood protection in the past. In safety oriented planning it was sufficient to specify a single flood event which was assessed as the limit of flood safety. If this event was exceeded the system was at risk. This remaining risk was not considered any further. Nowadays it is widely accepted that the consideration of remaining risks is an essential component of Integrated Flood Management. Integrated Flood Management, as proposed e.g. by the WMO and the Global Water Partnership, demands risk management. Risk management calls for identification and assessment of risk. Risk has to be assessed and eliminated or at least minimised if it is unacceptable. In this process we are faced with many uncertainties, which are mainly hydrological uncertainties. These uncertainties have to be specified and considered with regard to multiple failure modes and the complex relationships between hydrologic loads and social vulnerabilities. The second intention was the propagation of new instruments of flood risk management, which were developed within the framework of the National Research Program “Risk Management of Extreme Flood Events” (RIMAX), funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. With regard to this program it was not feasible to present all projects here as the number of these projects was large. Thirty eight projects were supported between the year 2005 and the year 2010. Instead of entire projects a selection of tools and ideas will be presented here which were developed and applied in some of these projects. These components are on the one hand essential for flood
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