Foliar spray of Auxin/IAA modulates photosynthesis, elemental composition, ROS localization and antioxidant machinery to
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Foliar spray of Auxin/IAA modulates photosynthesis, elemental composition, ROS localization and antioxidant machinery to promote growth of Brassica juncea Anayat Rasool Mir1 • Husna Siddiqui1 • Pravej Alam2 • Shamsul Hayat1
Received: 12 June 2020 / Revised: 26 October 2020 / Accepted: 24 November 2020 Ó Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020
Abstract Auxins (Aux) are primary growth regulators that regulate almost every aspect of growth and development in plants. It plays a vital role in various plant processes besides controlling the key aspects of cell division, cell expansion, and cell differentiation. Considering the significance of Aux, and its potential applications, a study was conducted to observe the impact of indole acetic acid (IAA), a most active and abundant form of Aux on Brassica juncea plants growing under natural environmental conditions. Different concentrations (0, 10-10, 10-8, 10-6 M) of IAA were applied once in a day at 25-day stage of growth for 5 days, consecutively. Various parameters (growth, photosynthetic, biochemical, oxidative biomarkers and nutrient composition) were assessed at different days after sowing (DAS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of leaf stomata, reactive oxygen species (ROS) localization in leaf and roots, and confocal microscopy were also conducted. The results revealed that all the IAA concentrations were effective in growth promotion and ROS reduction, however, the 10-8 M of IAA exhibited the maximum improvement in all the above mentioned parameters as compared to the control. Keywords Confocal microscopy Histochemical studies Photosynthesis Stomatal movement SEM–EDX
& Shamsul Hayat [email protected] 1
Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
2
Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Introduction Auxins (Aux) are the primary plant growth regulator that functions virtually in every perspective of plant growth and development (Davies 2004; Weijers and Wagner 2016). Their existence as a growth regulator was first demonstrated by Charles and Darwin (Darwin and Darwin 1880), and later on, was isolated by Fritz Went (1935). Aux are indolic compounds that are structurally related and synthesized from amino acid tryptophan (Paque and Weijers 2016). Rigorous research on Aux in past decades have made remarkable advancement in the elucidation of its transcriptional pathway (Weijers and Wagner 2016), mechanisms involved in uni-directional transport (Adamowski and Friml 2015), and its bio-synthesis (Korasick et al. 2013). In nutshell, it can be said that various genes are regulating the Aux biosynthesis, catabolism, conjugation, and conjugate hydrolysis (Normanly 2010; Zhao 2012; Korasick et al. 2013; Ljung 2013). It regulates various other phytohormones (Vert and Chory 2011) and also performs a vital role in plant interactions with various beneficial mi
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