Foliar application of silicon nanoparticles affected the growth, vitamin C, flavonoid, and antioxidant enzyme activities
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Foliar application of silicon nanoparticles affected the growth, vitamin C, flavonoid, and antioxidant enzyme activities of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) plants grown in lead (Pb)-spiked soil Hamideh Fatemi 1 & Behrooz Esmaiel Pour 1 & Muhammad Rizwan 2 Received: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 16 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Lead (Pb) is among the most abundant toxic trace elements which causes direct and indirect negative effects on humans, animals, and plants. Thus, there is a need to alleviate the Pb toxicity in plants for good quality food production especially from marginal soils. In this study, the effects of silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) were investigated on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) biomass, vitamin C, flavonoid, antioxidant enzyme activities (i.e., catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and super oxide dismutase (SOD)), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Pb concentration in plants subjected to different Pb concentrations. Treatments included four levels of Pb (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg of soil), and two levels of Si NPs (0 and 1.5 mM) in all combinations. The Pb treatments alone decreased the plant biomass and vitamin C while increased the flavonoid, MDA, antioxidant enzyme activities, and Pb concentration in tissues depending upon the Pb treatments. The foliar-applied 1.5 mM Si NPs alleviated the adverse impacts of Pb on coriander plants which were due to the minimization of Pb concentration in plants and improvements in the plant defense system. Si NPs minimized accumulation of MDA in plant tissues and adjusted the activities of POD, CAT, and SOD in plants under Pb stress. Overall, Si NP foliar application might be a suitable approach in reducing the Pb concentrations in plants. However, field studies with various plant species and environmental conditions are required to highlight the role of Si NPs on the plant under toxic trace element stress. Keywords Foliar application . Enzymatic antioxidant . Silicon . Heavy metals
Introduction Lead (Pb) destructiveness in living organisms has been able to be a real concern, which is basically due to the use of Pb-contaminated soil everywhere throughout the world (Norton et al. 2014; Xie et al. 2017). Extreme Pb in soil has harmful impacts on soil microbial action and development of plants (Iqbal et al. 2015; Kushwaha et al. 2018). Pb impaired the plant growth of plants at morphological, physiological, and molecular levels (Kaur et al. Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi * Hamideh Fatemi [email protected] 1
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
2015; Singh et al. 2016). Pb, a non-redox active element, may alter the redox homeostasis in plants via several indirect mechanisms such as replacement of essential elements from cellular biomolecules and variation in metalrelated enzyme activities,
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