Freight Transport Demand Management: Influencing the Freight Transport Demand Within Traffic Management
In the future, influencing the freight transport demand will become important in light of the increasing freight transport-related problems. But freight transport is explicitly not in the focus of mobility management as the established concept for demand
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Introduction In the last decades, economic growth, the removal of international trade barriers and the trend towards mass individualisation along with an expanding division of labour in production and logistics have led to a strong growth of freight traffic all over Europe (Tavasszy and Ruijgrok 2013). Despite numerous political initiatives for a modal shift of traffic to railways, freight transport growth in Germany has mainly taken place on the road. While the growth of freight volumes is stagnating, road transport performance has increased rapidly and is still expected to grow (SRU 2012, pp. 137–142). BVU et al. (2014) forecast an increase of road transport performance of about 39 % till 2030. Furthermore, especially for dense urban areas, there are only few alternatives to road freight transport. Growing e-commerce and the liberalisation of the market for courier, express and parcel services mainly contributed to growing traffic volumes (acatech 2012, pp. 20–21). Moreover, current considerations of urban value creation let assume even more freight transport in urban areas in future (Wiegel et al. 2013). Notwithstanding that road freight transport contributes greatly to preserve our economic prosperity, negative impacts of its strong growth increasingly become apparent. Not only large cities but also small municipalities have to cope with problems such as increasing congestion, air and noise pollution, an increased risk of
F. R€ uhl (*) • M. Boltze Chair of Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Technische Universita¨t Darmstadt, OttoBerndt-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 E. Abele et al. (eds.), Dynamic and Seamless Integration of Production, Logistics and Traffic, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41097-5_9
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accidents or infrastructure damage. Likewise, road freight transport growth confronts carriers with challenges such as high stress levels for drivers or decreasing delivery reliability for customers (Ogden 1992, pp. 89–136; SRU 2005, pp. 35–66; Ahrens et al. 2010; Taniguchi et al. 2012, pp. 40–45). There have been numerous initiatives all over Europe aiming for curbing freight transport’s negative impacts by means of increasing the efficiency of delivery processes or promoting cooperation between public authorities and enterprises. Although their efficiency has been proven, these initiatives are the exception rather than the rule yet. To protect residents, decision-makers in transport authorities usually still counteract the increasing problems by enforcing restrictive measures such as night-time truck bans (Dablanc 2007; Ballantyne et al. 2013; Lindholm and Browne 2013). Indeed, such restrictive measures achieve their objectives, e.g. by fulfilling the goals for emission reduction. However, there is still no consideration of impacts on freight transport and the closely related concepts of production, logistics and retail of such restrictive measures (Stat
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