Friendly Interfaces Between Humans and Machines

This book discusses human–machine interactions, specifically focusing on making them as natural as human–human interaction. It is based on the premise that to get the right connect between human and machines, it is essential to understand not only the beh

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endly Interfaces Between Humans and Machines

Friendly Interfaces Between Humans and Machines

P. V. S. Rao Sunil Kumar Kopparapu •

Friendly Interfaces Between Humans and Machines

123

P. V. S. Rao Department of Computer Science Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Sunil Kumar Kopparapu TCS Research and Innovation Tata Consultancy Services Thane, Maharashtra, India

ISBN 978-981-13-1749-1 ISBN 978-981-13-1750-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1750-7

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018949637 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

To all those researchers who are striving to narrow the communication gap between humans and machines. —P. V. S. Rao To all those who believe in using the current state of technology for larger good rather than procrastinating for the lack of availability of a perfect technology. —Sunil Kumar Kopparapu

Preface

With the increasing adoption of technology in day-to-day activity, it has become extremely important to build human–machine interfaces (HMIs) that are both natural and convenient to use by all strata of the society. When humans communicate among themselves, whether in the written or oral mode, while the ‘messages’ are easy to understand for the human observer, the underlying rules of language are not obvious; they are generally complex and tricky to understand or codify. Even in such a tricky scenario, usually humans can quite easily unpack the many nuanced allusions and connotations in every sentence and decode what another person is saying. Computers are extremely effective in applications involving number crunching; however, thin