From Interaction to Gene Induction: An Eco-friendly Mechanism of PGPR-Mediated Stress Management in the Plant
Soil bacteria living on or around the root surface that facilitates the plant’s growth have been isolated from the paddy rhizosphere. Among 35 isolates, two selected isolates, Bacillus pumilus and Pseudomanas pseudoalcaligenes, have been evaluated for the
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From Interaction to Gene Induction: An Eco- friendly Mechanism of PGPR-Mediated Stress Management in the Plant Yachana Jha and R.B. Subramanian
Abstract Soil bacteria living on or around the root surface that facilitates the plant’s growth have been isolated from the paddy rhizosphere. Among 35 isolates, two selected isolates, Bacillus pumilus and Pseudomanas pseudoalcaligenes, have been evaluated for their use in the induction of various genes in different situations to help the paddy plant to survive in adverse conditions. The induction of defense- related pathogenesis-related protein occurs as a result of inoculation of the plant with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) prior to biotic stress. Accumulation of low-molecular-weight osmoprotectants and soluble sugar has been observed in inoculated plants under abiotic stress, which helps in osmoregulation. The abiotic stress, especially salinity, results in a change in protein configuration. Molecular chaperones help these proteins to maintain their configuration under stress. Inoculation with PGPR also helps in the formation of these chaperones. These isolates also show differential induction of the stress-related gene RAB18 and catalase in paddy plants during RNA profiling. The results indicate that the ecofriendly root-associated bacteria can serve as a simple and cheap tool for regulating plant sugar concentrations and combating stress in crops, as well as for increased productivity due to their growth-promoting ability. Keywords PGPR • PR proteins • Molecular chaperones • Osmoprotectant • Gene induction • RAB18 • β-1,3 glucanase
Y. Jha (*) N. V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat, India e-mail: [email protected] R.B. Subramanian B R D School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat, India © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 D. Egamberdieva, P. Ahmad (eds.), Plant Microbiome: Stress Response, Microorganisms for Sustainability 5, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5514-0_10
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Y. Jha and R.B. Subramanian
10.1 Introduction Plants being sessile are frequently exposed to various stress factors at the same time as they have advanced to live at fixed locations. To minimize damage caused by stress, plants have established definite mechanisms that allow them to take note of accurate ecological changes and respond to multifaceted stress conditions to protect valued resources for growth and development. When subjected to a combination of numerous stresses, plants will stimulate a precise and unique stress response. Two of the main hindrances to increasing crop growth and productivity in various parts of the world are climate change and pathogens (Smith 2011). The capability of plants to survive during stress depends on numerous mechanisms that allow them to cope. Such mechanisms are broadly divided into three categories. First is phenotypic flexibility and stress avoidance, in which plants develop the ability to sustain normal growth and development under stress conditions.
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