Full genome sequence of bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2)
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Full genome sequence of bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 (BoHV‑2) Florian Pfaff1 · Antonie Neubauer‑Juric2 · Stefan Krebs3 · Andreas Hauser3 · Stefanie Singer2 · Helmut Blum3 · Bernd Hoffmann1 Received: 7 August 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract We present the complete genome sequence of bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2), a member of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, genus Simplexvirus. BoHV-2 is the causative agent of bovine ulcerative mammillitis (bovine herpes mammillitis) and pseudo-lumpy skin disease. The genomic architecture of BoHV-2 is typical of most simplexvirus genomes and congruent with that of human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HHV-1). The genome comprises a total of 131,245 base pairs and has an overall G+C content of 64.9 mol%. A total of 75 open reading frames are predicted. The gene repertoire of BoHV-2 is analogous to that of HHV-1, although the coding region of US12 is missing. A phylogenetic analysis supported BoHV-2 as a member of the genus Simplexvirus. Infection with bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2), also referred to as bovine mammillitis virus or Allerton virus, causes acute viral diseases in cattle that may develop two separate syndromes: ulcerative mammillitis (bovine herpes mammillitis) or pseudo-lumpy skin disease [1–3]. Pseudolumpy skin disease is a generalized form of BoHV-2 infection that causes mild fever and distinct nodular lesions of the skin, comparable to those present during lumpy skin disease [4, 5]. The more common manifestation of BoHV-2 infection is a localized ulcerative disease of the teats and udder of dairy cows or the muzzle of suckling calves [6]. Like other alphaherpesviruses, BoHV-2 establishes latency and may reactivate following primary infection [7]. The genomic architecture of BoHV-2 was initially resolved using restriction endonuclease maps, suggesting a genetic makeup similar to that of human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) [8, 9]. Sequence comparison of glycoprotein B (gB) from BoHV-2 with HHV-1 further strengthened their close evolutionary Handling Editor: Ana Cristina Bratanich. * Florian Pfaff [email protected] 1
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald ‑ Insel Riems, Deutschland
2
Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
3
Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
relationship [10], and phylogenetic analysis was finally used for classification of HHV-1 and BoHV-2 as members of the same taxonomic group, which was later named genus Simplexvirus [11]. Currently, epidemiological data are unsatisfactory for BoHV-2, phylogenetic analysis is mainly based on partial sequences of gB, and no full-length BoHV-2 genome sequence is available. In order to facilitate further insights into the genomics and phylogeny of BoHV-2, we selected two BoHV-2 isolates from Germany, stored at the Riems Virus Bank (RVB) of the Friedrich-Loeffler-Inst
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