Functional Hair Follicle Regeneration
The hair organ plays biologically important roles in thermoregulation, physical insulation, waterproofing, tactile sensation, protection, camouflage, and social communication. Only the hair follicle, which is induced by reciprocal epithelial and mesenchym
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Functional Hair Follicle Regeneration Koh-ei Toyoshima and Takashi Tsuji
Abstract The hair organ plays biologically important roles in thermoregulation, physical insulation, waterproofing, tactile sensation, protection, camouflage, and social communication. Only the hair follicle, which is induced by reciprocal epithelial and mesenchymal interactions in the skin field, has various organ-inductive potential stem cells and their niches and undergoes repeated organogenesis after birth through interactions between epithelial stem cells in the bulge region and dermal papillae. Hair loss disorders such as androgenetic alopecia are psychologically distressing and have negative effects on the quality of life. Therefore, the development of hair follicle regeneration therapy is expected to be a next-generation organ replacement regenerative therapy. Previously, many studies have reported technological approaches to reproduce de novo folliculogenesis. Recently, we successfully developed fully functional hair regeneration via intracutaneous transplantation of a bioengineered hair follicle germ, which was reconstituted from adult hair follicle- derived stem cells using our developed organ germ method. Here, we review hair follicle regeneration studies and discuss the potential of our functional hair follicle regeneration for the realization of future hair follicle organ regenerative therapy. Keywords Hair follicle • Organ replacement regenerative therapy • Bioengineered hair follicle • Organ germ method
K.-e. Toyoshima Department Regenerative Medicine, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo 101-0048, Japan e-mail: [email protected] T. Tsuji (*) Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3, Minatojima-mimamimschi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 T. Tsuji (ed.), Organ Regeneration Based on Developmental Biology, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3768-9_6
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K.-e. Toyoshima and T. Tsuji
6.1 Introduction The hair organ plays biologically important roles in thermoregulation, physical insulation from UV radiation, waterproofing, tactile sensation, protection against noxious stimuli, camouflage, and social communication (Hardy 1992; Schneider et al. 2009). The initiation of hair follicle organogenesis is induced in the hair germ through reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and, ultimately, development into the hair follicle (Hardy 1992; Stenn and Paus 2001) (Fig. 6.1a). The hair follicle is composed of an upper permanent region and a lower variable region that a Skin and hair follicle development stages Body surface epithelium
Placode
Hair germ
Hair peg
Hair follicle
Skin mesenchyme Dermal condensate
b
HS
Epithelial stem cell niche
SG
Melanocyte stem cell niche
ALP DP Anagen
ALP
Anagen
Anagen
Dermis
Hair cycle
Subderm
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