Functional nucleic acid-based fluorescence polarization/anisotropy biosensors for detection of biomarkers
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Functional nucleic acid-based fluorescence polarization/anisotropy biosensors for detection of biomarkers Yunlong Bai 1 & Tong Shu 1,2 & Lei Su 1 & Xueji Zhang 1,3 Received: 5 April 2020 / Revised: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The sensitive and selective detection of biomarkers plays a crucial role in disease diagnostics, drug discovery, and early screening of cancers. The achievement of this goal highly depends on the continuous development of biosensing technologies. Among them, fluorescence anisotropy/polarization (FA/FP) analysis receives increasing interest due to the advantage of simple operation, fast response, and no background interference. In recent decades, great progress has been achieved in FA/FP sensors thanks to the development of functional nucleic acids (FNAs) including aptamers and nucleic acid enzymes. This review focuses on FNA-based FA/FP sensors for the quantitative detection of biomarkers, such as nucleic acid, small molecules, and proteins. The design strategies, recognition elements, and practical applications are fully highlighted. The article also discusses the challenges of applying FNA-based FA/FP sensors in the next generation and the potential solutions along with future prospects. Keywords Fluorescence anisotropy . Fluorescence polarization . Biosensor . Functional nucleic acids . Biomarker
Introduction Biomarkers including nucleic acids, proteins, and small metabolic molecules are biochemical indicators that reflect the change of structure or function of human systems, organs, tissues, and cells [1–4]. The quantitative detection of diverse pathological biomarkers in biofluids (e.g., blood or urine) plays vital roles in the field of clinical monitoring, drug discovery, and early screening of cancers. However, it is still a challenge to precisely measure biomarkers because of the complexity of the sample and the high accuracy requirements. Therefore, there is great demand for the rapid development of
* Tong Shu [email protected] * Xueji Zhang [email protected] 1
Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
3
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
sensitive and specific sensors for the analysis of target biomarkers in complex matrixes [5–8]. Among many available analysis methods, fluorescence anisotropy/polarization (FA/ FP) sensors receive increasing interest due to their advantages of high sensitivity, simplicity, rapidity, and robustness [9–13]. Typically, FA/FP sensors employ antibodies as the key recognition elements, which have been used for quantitative detection of low mass molecules with the availability of rapidly developed ins
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