Functionalized Core-Shell Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles as Antioxidants Agents in Heat Stressed Rats
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Functionalized Core-Shell Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles as Antioxidants Agents in Heat Stressed Rats Samr Kassem 1 & Medhat Mohamed 2 & Hossam Sayour 3 & Francesco Canfarotta 4 & Sergey Piletsky 5 & Mostafa A.M. Soliman 6 Received: 19 September 2019 / Accepted: 7 January 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Herein, we assess the antioxidant potential of core-shell yttrium oxide nanoparticles functionalized with ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (EGMP). The antioxidant properties of these nanoparticles were investigated in heat stressed models of 21 rats (heat stressed group, group B). Different samples of blood, serum, and tissue homogenate were collected at different time intervals in order to measure oxidative biomarkers such as enzymatic antioxidants (SODs, GPX, GST, GR, and TAC) and oxidative byproducts (MDA, PC, and 8-OHdG). Liver specimens of prophylactic group and heat stressed ones were also histopathologically examined 2 h post NPs injection. The measurements of oxidative biomarkers were complementary with histopathological findings and confirmed the antioxidant properties of poly EGMP yttrium oxide NPs. Keywords Core shell . Poly EGMP yttrium oxide . Antioxidants . Heat stress . Oxidative biomarkers
Introduction Oxidative stress was described as an imbalance in favor of oxidants that may lead to cell damage between oxidants and antioxidants; oxidative stress is a constant process as pro oxidants are generated continuously and oxidative damage is always caused [1]. When the stress level exceeds its defense ability, it can cause oxidative damage, while low stress can enhance the defense network and lead to adaptive responses. Stress is a beneficial variable under such conditions and thus known as “eustress” [2]. Oxidative stress is an active area of * Samr Kassem [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12618, Egypt
2
Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kafr El-Sheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
3
Biomedical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Nutritional Deficiency Disorders, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12618, Egypt
4
MIP Diagnostics, Sharnbrook, Bedforshire MK44 1LQ, UK
5
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
6
Department of byproduct utilization, Animal production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
studies in ruminant medicine and has been associated with multiple disease mechanisms including sepsis, mastitis, acidosis, and ketosis. In relation to the impacts of oxidative stress in ruminants, only a restricted number of cases were studied compared with human medicine. Cattle studies were sporadic and focused primarily on mastitis, pneumonia, and retained placenta. In recent research, metabolic diseases affecting dairy cows during the peripartum were focused on [3] or studying factors affecting susceptibility to infectious diseases [4]. In addition, oxidative stress was involved in transpor
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