Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Ions as Potential Antibacterial Agents
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Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Ions as Potential Antibacterial Agents Abubaker Hamad1 · Khawla S. Khashan2 · Aseel Hadi2 Received: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Bacteria and superbugs have become more resistant to several antibiotics. Continuous and overuse of such antibiotics led to outbreaks of superbugs in both hospitals and communities. In recent decades, silver was used in medical treatment such as burns, wounds and bacterial infections. Silver metallic, silver nitrate and silver sulfadiazine were utilized for this treatment. Nowadays, silver nanoparticles and silver ions are effectively used as antibacterial agents in the medical field in the form of nanoparticles and ions, where silver ions proved an effective antimicrobial against active bacteria, viruses, and fungi than silver nanoparticles Ag NPs. However, modified or functionalized silver NPs are extremely active to kill bacteria than pure Ag NPs. Silver nanoparticle’s size, shape, and concentration play an important role in their antimicrobial activities. Keywords Silver nanoparticles · Silver ions · Antibacterial agent · Microorganisms
1 Introduction The existence of new infections led to stimulating looking for new antimicrobial agents. Nevertheless, most of these agents are deadly/ poisonous and unsafe for people to use [1] as well the existence of such bacterial strains has resistivity to common antibacterial treatment and this presents the global community health issue loom. Therefore, the production of eco-friendly, efficient, irresistible, and naturalsource/available antimicrobial agents is the main goal. By the combination of nanotechnology and microbiology, it can easily generate a novel type of antimicrobial agents [2–6], e.g., Carbon-based nanomaterial and its compounds can be used as a good antibacterial agent because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and unique physical and chemical properties [2, 3]. Also, metal oxide nanoparticles such as CuO NPs [4], NiO NPs [5], TiO2 NPs [6], and CeO2 [7] NPs can be utilized as antimicrobial agents because of their * Khawla S. Khashan [email protected]; [email protected] Abubaker Hamad [email protected]; [email protected] 1
General Science Department, Faculty of Education, Soran University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Soran City, Iraq
Division of Laser Sciences and Technology, Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
2
effectiveness on resistant strains of microbial pathogens, low toxicity, heat resistance, and good compatibility nanostructured materials. Similarly, ZnO Nanoparticles and its compounds showed antibacterial potential against a great variety of bacterial species owing to their desirable properties such as non-toxicity, long-term stability, and strong activity even when given at low concentrations [8, 9]. Recently, bio-nanotechnology gains a tremendous impetus wherein the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is
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