Functionalized Food-Grade Biopolymer-Nanosilica Based Hybrid Hydrogels as Sustained Delivery Devices of Rutin
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Functionalized Food‑Grade Biopolymer‑Nanosilica Based Hybrid Hydrogels as Sustained Delivery Devices of Rutin Hriday Bera1,2 · Yasir Faraz Abbasi3 · Ang Kah Hoong2 · Low Phoe Be2 · Tay Juan Wuan2 · Haifei Guo1 · Dongmei Cun1 · Mingshi Yang1,4 · Leong Yock Seen2 · Lim Lip Woan2 · Sia Qing Ying2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Novel tamarind gum (TG) or carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CMTG) blended diethanolamine-functionalized pectin (DFP) based hydrogels reinforced with calcium silicate (CS) were developed for sustained delivery of rutin (RUT). The DFP (DA, 48.7%) and CMTG (DS, 50.0%) were initially synthesized and analyzed through 1H-NMR, FTIR, XRD and DSC studies. RUT-loaded hybrid hydrogels were subsequently afforded by Ca2+-induced gelation protocol. The hydrogels portrayed acceptable RUT entrapping efficiency (DEE, 29–43%), delayed eluting behaviour ( Q6h, 65–100%) and variable swelling at 6 h (16–172%), which were significantly influenced by formulation variables. The RUT dissolution profile of the optimized hydrogels (F-5) obeyed Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model with anomalous transport driven mechanism. These matrices also demonstrated excellent mucoadhesion property and biodegradability. Furthermore, the hydrogels revealed their smooth but distorted surface morphology and drug-carrier compatibility with attenuated RUT crystallinity. These hydrogels matrices were thus evidenced to be appropriate for the delivery of hydrophobic RUT in its solubilised form. Keywords Tamarind gum · High-methoxyl pectin · Biopolymer modification · Calcium silicate · Nutraceuticals
Introduction Over the years, rutin (RUT) has widely been utilized as nutraceuticals and food supplements. RUT is comprised of quercetin (flavonol) and rutinose (disaccharide) [1]. It is copiously distributed in buckwheat seed, citrus fruits, vegetables and plant-derived beverages. RUT displays remarkable scavenging activities on oxidizing species such as superoxide, hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. Eventually, it demonstrates anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-protozoal, antidiabetic, hypolipidaemic and vasoactive properties. Unlike * Hriday Bera [email protected] 1
Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110013, Liaoning, China
2
Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, 08100 Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
4
Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
other flavonoids, RUT never behaves as a prooxidant agent, catalyzing oxygen radical production. Moreover, it is beneficial over other flavonoids for not being mutagenic and cytotoxic [2]. However, the wide applications of RUT are often restricted owing to its poor aqueous solubility and limited oral bioavailability [1]. Thus, there is an unmet requirement to develop a suitable vehicle for oral delivery of RUT. Numerous formulations such as polymer matrices load
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