Antibactericidal nanoclay-based biomaterial for sustained delivery of tetracycline hydrochloride
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Bull Mater Sci (2020)43:248 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-020-02221-4
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Antibactericidal nanoclay-based biomaterial for sustained delivery of tetracycline hydrochloride KOUSHIK DUTTA, KASTURI SAHA, PRIYABRATA SARKAR and DIPANKAR CHATTOPADHYAY* Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) MS received 24 November 2019; accepted 19 March 2020 Abstract. Nanoclay-based drug delivery vehicle has acquired immense recognition owing to its unique physico-chemical properties. In this study, tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) drug was intercalated into the interlayer gallery of montmorillonite (Mt) clay by a cation exchange process. The intercalated nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray and thermogravimetric study. It was evident from the characterization that TCH drug was successfully intercalated into the interlayer gallery of Mt clay. These clay-based formulations exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on analyses via zone inhibition methods. An in-vitro drug release study was performed in phosphate buffer at physiological temperature and interestingly it exhibited sustained and controlled release of TCH from the nanocomposites, after an initial burst-out effect. Overall, this study showed that these nanocomposite materials have immense potential for use in controlled drug delivery strategies for antibacterial treatment. Keywords.
1.
Montmorillonite; tetracycline hydrochloride; antibacterial activity; in-vitro drug release.
Introduction
Bacterial infection is the leading cause of delayed wound healing. The colonization of microbes and subsequent prolonging of inflammatory phase on the wound site can lead to sepsis or chronic pathological conditions. Thus, an antimicrobial environment is desirable for effective wound healing process. In this precinct, tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) is generally used to combat bacterial infection. However, for effective therapeutic response, an optimal dosage should be available at the targeted site and at the same time, the drug activity should persist for a longer period [1]. An optimal plasmatic concentration of the therapeutic should be maintained which demands controlled drug release to evade the fluctuations in the plasmatic drug levels [2]. But in systemic administration, the drug is released immediately without proper control of the drug release rate. In many cases, it becomes tough to attain the minimum effective concentration (MEC), and sometimes the plasma concentration could exceed the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). In addition, in systemic drug administration the drug not only targets the specific part but also affects the whole body and thus many side effects are also observed. To address these side effects and maintain the desired plasma concentration of the drug in the specific
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