Fundamentals of Semiconductors Physics and Materials Properties

This third updated edition of Fundamentals of Semiconductors attempts to fill the gap between a general solid-state physics textbook and research articles by providing detailed explanations of the electronic, vibrational, transport, and optical properties

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Peter Y. Yu Manuel Cardona

Fundamentals of Semiconductors Physics and Materials Properties Third, Revised and Enlarged Edition With 250 Two-Color Figures, 52 Tables and 116 Problems

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Professor Dr. Peter Y. Yu University of California, Department of Physics CA 94720-7300 Berkeley, USA email: [email protected]

Professor Dr., Dres. h.c. Manuel Cardona Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart, Germany email: [email protected]

3rd, Corrected Printing 2005 ISBN 3-540-25470-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 3-540-41323-5 3rd Edition, 2nd Corrected Printing Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Yu, Peter Y., 1944 –. Fundamentals of semiconductors: physics and materials properties /Peter Y. Yu, Manuel Cardona. – 3rd, rev. and enlarged ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 3540413235 (alk. paper) 1. Semiconductors. 2. Semiconductors–Materials. I. Cardona, Manuel, 1934 –. QC611.Y88 2001 537.6'22–dc21 2001020462 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996, 1999, 2001 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover picture: The crystal structure drawn on the book cover is a “wallpaper stereogram”. Such stereograms are based on repeating, but offset, patterns that resolve themselves into different levels of depth when viewed properly. They were first described by the English physicist Brewster more than 100 years ago. See: Superstereograms (Cadence Books, San Francisco, CA, 1994) Production editor: C.-D. Bachem, Heidelberg Typesetting: EDV-Beratung F. Herweg, Hirschberg Computer-to-plate and printing: Mercedes-Druck, Berlin Binding: Stein+Lehmann, Berlin SPIN: 11412892

57/3141/du - 5 4 3 2 1 0 – Printed on acid-free paper

Preface to the Third Edition

The support for our book has remained high and compliments from readers and colleagues have been most heart-warming. We would like to thank all of you, especially the many students who have continued to send us their comments and suggestions. We are also pleased to report that a Japanese translation appeared in 1999 (more details can be obtaine

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