Fundamentals of Many-body Physics Principles and Methods
This textbook addresses the special physics of many-particle systems, especially those dominated by correlation effects. It develops modern methods to treat such systems and demonstrates their application through numerous appropriate exercises, mainly fro
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Fundamentals of Many-body Physics Principles and Methods
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Fundamentals of Many-body Physics
Wolfgang Nolting
Fundamentals of Many-body Physics Principles and Methods Translated by William D. Brewer
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Nolting Humboldt-Universit¨at Berlin Institut f¨ur Physik Newstonstr. 15 12489 Berlin Germany [email protected] Translator Prof. William D. Brewer, PhD FU Berlin FB Physik Inst. f. Experimentalphysik Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-540-71930-4
e-ISBN 978-3-540-71931-1
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-71931-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008940154 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in it current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosectution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper 987654321 springer.com
Preface
The goal of the present course on “Fundamentals of Theoretical Physics” is to be a direct accompaniment to the lower-division study of physics, and it aims at providing the physical tools in the most straightforward and compact form as needed by the students in order to master theoretically more complex topics and problems in advanced studies and in research. The presentation is thus intentionally designed to be sufficiently detailed and self-contained – sometimes, admittedly, at the cost of a certain elegance – to permit individual study without reference to the secondary literature. This volume deals with the quantum theory of many-body systems. Building upon a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and of statistical physics, modern techniques for the description of interacting many-particle systems are developed and applied to various real problems, mainly from the area of solid-state physics. A thorough revision should guarantee that the reader can access the relevant research literature without experiencing major problems in terms of the concepts and vocabulary, techniques and deductive methods found there. The world which surrounds us consists of very many particles interacting with one another, and their description requires in principle the solution of a corresponding number of coupled quantum-mechanical equations of motion (Schr¨odinger equations), which, however, is possible only in exceptional cases in a ma
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