Fungi of Antarctica Diversity, Ecology and Biotechnological Applicat
This book focuses on the fungi found in one of the most pristine regions on Earth: Antarctica. It discusses the fungal occurrence in all substrates of the region, including soil, seawater, lake and marine sediments, rocks, ice, and snow. It also addresses
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Fungi of Antarctica
Diversity, Ecology and Biotechnological Applications
Fungi of Antarctica
Luiz Henrique Rosa Editor
Fungi of Antarctica Diversity, Ecology and Biotechnological Applications
Editor Luiz Henrique Rosa Departamento de Microbiologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
ISBN 978-3-030-18366-0 ISBN 978-3-030-18367-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18367-7 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Banner clouds associated with Antarctic mountain photographs in the Austral summer of 2013 onboard of the Brazilian Oceanographic Polar Ship Almirante Maximiano (H-41) on the Gerlache strait. (Photo Credits: LH Rosa) v
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Preface
Antarctica is one of the most pristine regions on Earth, spanning 13.8 million km2 and including different types of extreme environments. Despite its apparently homogenous landscape of ice, snow, and occasional areas of exposed soil, Antarctica has a variety of marine and terrestrial environments that encompass cold, dry, and oligotrophic extreme conditions where cryptic microbes live. In Antarctica, the most well-known organisms include only a few species of animals, several mosses, lichens, and two endemic angiosperms. Yet, cryptic microbial communities of viruses, archaea, bacteria, microalgae, and fungi represent the largest reservoir of biodiversity capable of survival in the extremities of the Antarctic environment. The adaptations, ecology, physiology, genetics, and evolution of these microorganisms under extreme conditions have been studied for several decades. Kingdom Fungi includes eukaryotic organisms that
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